RUBIACE^. 



[CLASS 



like endocarp immediately enclosing the seeds to be 

 separated in a rolling-mill. 



In 1877 upwards of one million twenty-nine thousand 

 cwts. of Coffee were imported. More than two hundred 

 and eighty-nine thousand cwts. were entered for home 

 consumption. 



FTG. 114. Coffee (jCqffea arabica). Reduced. A detached berry and 

 flower below. 



Other important exotic species are the Quinine-pro- 

 ducing Cinchonas or Peruvian barks, natives of the 

 Andes of Peru, and now introduced into British India 

 and Java : Ipecacuanha, the emetic root of Cephaelis 

 Ipecacuanha : and Rubia tinctorum, a plant of the Levant 

 and Southern Europe, cultivated in France for the sake 

 of its rhizome, which affords the valuable dye, Madder. 

 Upwards of 283,000 cwts. of Madder and Garancine 

 (the latter prepared from Madder by the action of sul- 



