26-28.] STUDY OF ANOMALOUS FLOWERS. 33 



78. Spurs are singular processes of the flower, tu- 

 bular and projecting from behind it. In Columbine 

 each petal is thus spurred ; in Violet, one petal only ; 

 in Larkspur, two petals and a sepal, the spur of the 

 latter inclosing that of the former. The curved spur 

 of the Jewel-weed belongs to a sepal (27, 28). 



79. Scales are attached to the inner side of the 

 corolla, usually upon the claw of the petals, as in 

 Buttercups, or within the throat of the corolla tube, 

 as in the Borrageworts. Similar appendages, when 

 enlarged and conspicuous, constitute a crown in 

 Catchfly, Corn-cockle, Narcissus. See also the stami- 

 nal crown of the Silk-grass (Asclepias). 



80. Glandular bodies are often found upon the re- 

 ceptacle in the places of missing stamens or carpels, 

 or as abortive organs of some kind. Examples are 

 seen in the Crucifers and Grape. In Grass-Parnassus 

 they are stalked and resemble stamens. 



81. The union of organs in some way occurs in 

 almost every flower ; and, more perhaps than any 

 other cause, tends to disguise its plan and origin. 

 The separate pieces which stood each as the repre- 

 sentative of a leaf, now, by a gradual fusion, lose 

 themselves in the common mass. Nevertheless, marks 

 of this process are always discernible, either in parts 

 yet remaining free, or in the seams where the edges 

 were conjoined. The floral organs may unite by cohe- 

 sion or adhesion. 



82. Cohesion, when the parts of the same whorl are 

 joined together ; as the sepals of the Pink, the petals of 

 Morning-glory, the stamens of Mallows, the carpels of 

 Poppy. Adhesion, when the parts of different whorls 

 are conjoined ; as the stamens with the corolla in 



