40 



STRUCTURAL BOTANY. 



[33, 34. 



are inserted (apparently) upon the ovary, as appears 

 in Apple, Pear, Caraway, Sunflower. (See cuts 42, 

 51.) The common phrases "calyx superior," "ovary 

 inferior," have the same signification as "calyx epigy- 

 nous," all implying the apparent insertion of the 

 organs upon or above the ovary. In this condition 



52, Ribes aureum and (54) Fuchsia gracilis ; ovary inferior or adherent, stamens and petals epigynous 

 (above the adherent ovary). 53, Saxifraga Virginiensis ; ovary half-superior. 



all the organs, or at least the calyx, are blended with 

 the ovary to its top. Hence the phrases "ovary adher- 

 ent," or "calyx adherent," have also the same mean- 

 ing, and are preferable, because in accordance with the 

 fact. (Explain the sections of Golden Currant and 

 Ear-drop 52, 54.) 



98. Calyx inferior or free, ovary superior or free, 

 are all phrases of the same import as calyx hypogy- 

 nous. Between the two conditions, calyx superior and 

 calyx inferior, there are numerous gradations, of which 

 one only is defined, to wit, calyx half-superior, as ex- 

 emplified in the Mock-orange and Saxifrage (53). 



