CONTENTS. 3 



c Unsymmetrical, from the suppression of a part of some set. 

 d Organs opposite, from the suppression of some entire set. 



3, Redundancies. 



a Organs increased in number, 



By multiples Multiplication. 



By clusters Chorisis. 



b Appendages. 



Horn-like nectaries projecting backward Spurs. 



Attached to the inside of the petals Scales. 



-Enlarged scales , Crown. 



Glandular bodies Glands. 



4, Union of Parts. 



a By Cohesion. 



Petals united Gamopetalous, or Monopetalous. 



Stamens united Monadelphous. 



Pistils united Compound. 



b By Adhesion. 



Parts blended with the Calyx Perigynous. 



Parts blended with the Ovary Epigynous. 



5, Irregularities. Torus lengthened, excavated, etc. 



Like organs, becoming unequal in size, etc. 



CHAPTER V. Of the Moral Envelopes, or Perianth 36 



CHAPTER VI. Forms of the Perianth 41 



1, Dialypetalous, or Polypetalous. 



* Regular. 



a Four long-clawed petals spreading at right-angles.. Cruciferous. 



b Five short-clawed spreading petals Rosaceous. 



cFive spreading petals on long erect claws... Caryophyllaceous. 

 d A 6-leaved gradually spreading perianth Liliaceous. 



* Irregular. 



e Five petals, 2 pairs and an odd one Papilionaceous. 



f Six petals, one of them lip-like Orchidaceous. 



2, Gamopetalous, or Monopetalous. ( 102.) 



* Regular. 



a Tube very short, border flat, spreading Rotate. 



b Tube very short, border wide, concave, Cup-form, etc., etc. 



* Irregular. 



c Cylindrical tube split down, etc. ( 103.) 

 Transformations of the Perianth. ( 104-108.) 



1, In the Composite. A circle of dry scales or bristles Pappus. 



2, In the Bog-Rushes. A circle of 6 (more or less) bristles Setse. 



3, In the Sedges (Carices). A bottle-shaped envelope Perigynium. 



4, In the Grasses. Chaff -like coverings Glunus, and Pales. 



