CONTENTS. 



v v " : * ' -' * i 



Third Stage ; leaves transformed to flowers Flowering. 



Fourth Stage; maturity. 



c Flowers maturing into fruit Fructification. 



d Fruit ripe and the plant exhausted. Hibernation Death. 



CHAPTER TV. Term of Plant Life 20 



Plant fruiting but once, and 



a Dying in its first year Annual Herb. 



b Dying after its second year @ Biennial Herb. 



c Dying after many years Monocarpic. 



Plant fruiting more than once (perennial), 



a With annual stems, is a V Perennial Herb. 



b With perennial stems becoming woody. 



1, It lower than or equaling the human stature Undershrub. 



2, If taller, 7 to 20 feet high Shrub. 



3, If still taller, with a distinct trunk A Tree. 



t Trees with annual foliage, shed in Autumn Deciduous. 



t Trees with perennial foliage Fvergreen. 



PART FIRST. STRUCTURAL, BOTANY, OR ORGANOGRAPHY 23 



CHAPTER I. The Flower. It may consist of 23 



a The leafy Envelopes, or Perianth, in 2 whorls or sets. 



1, The outer circle, of Sepals, usually green Calyx. 



2, The inner circle, of Petals, usually colored Corolla. 



6 The Essential Organs, also in 2 whorls or sets. 



3, An outer set, of Stamens, within the corolla Androecium. 



4, The inner and central set, of Pistils Grynoecium. 



e The base, or platform on which these organs stand. Torus. 



CHAPTER LI. Plan of the Flower. The Typical Flower 25 



1, Consisting of 4 whorled sets of organs, is Complete. 



2, Each set having the same number of parts Symmetrical. 



3, The parts composing each set uniform Regular. 



4, All the parts separate and distinct from each other Free. 



5, Parts of adjacent sets alternating in position Alternate. 



CHAPTERS m. and IV. Anomalous Flowers. Deviations from the Type. 28 



1, Variations in the Radical Number From ^ to ^ 



2, Deficiencies, rendering the flower 



a Incomplete. 



Corolla wanting Apetalous. 



Corolla and calyx both wanting Naked. 



6 Imperfect. 



The stamens wanting Pistillate. 



The pistils wanting $ Staminate. 



