52, 53.] THE FRUIT. 63 



1. Sutural, when it takes place at the sutures of 

 any 1 -celled pericarp, as Columbine, Pea, Violet. 



2. Septicidal (septum, partition, ccedo, toj?ut), when 

 it takes place through the dissepiments (which are 

 double, 132). The carpels thus separated may open 

 severally by sutures (Mallows), or remain indehiscent, 

 as in Vervain. 



3. Loculicidal (loculus, a cell, ccedo, to cut), when 

 each carpel opens at its dorsal suture directly into the 

 cell (Evening Primrose, Lily). Here the dissepiments 

 come away attached to the middle of the valves. 



4. Septifragal (septum, and frango, to break), when 

 the valves separate from the dissepiments which re- 

 main still united in the axis (Convolvulus). 



173 174 



fi (* >\ 



A ,> // 1 ~ \ 



Dehiscence: 173, septicidal; 174, loculicidal; 175, septifragal. 



149. Porous dehiscence is exemplified in the Poppy, 

 where the seeds escape by orifices near the top of the 

 fruit. It is not common. Circumscissile (circum- 

 scindo, to cut around), when the top of the ovary 

 opens or falls off like a lid, as in Plantain. Some 

 fruits, as the Gerania and Umbelliferse, are furnished 

 with a carpophore, that is, a slender column from the 

 receptacle a fusiform torus, prolonged through the 

 axis of the fruit, supporting the carpels. 



