64: 



STRUCTURAL BOTANY. 



[53, 54. 



CHAPTER XI. 



FORMS OF THE PERICARP. 



150. The morphology of the pericarp is exceedingly diversified ; but it 

 Will suffice the learner at first to acquaint himself with the leading forms 

 only, such as are indicated in the following synopsis and more definitely 

 described afterward. 



The following is a synopsis of the principal forms of Pericarps, for the 



blackboard. 



1. Free Fruits (formed by a single Flower). 



* Pericarps indehiscent. 



t With usually but one seed, and 

 t Uniform, or 1-coated. 



1. Separated from the seed. 



2. Inflated, often breaking away. 



3. Inseparable from the seed. 



4. Invested with a cupule (involucre). 



5. Having winged appendages. 



t Double or triple-coated, fleshy or fibrous. 



6. Three-coated. Stone cell entire. 



7. Two-coated. Stone cell 2-parted. 



8. Drupes aggregated. 

 t With two or more seeds, 



t Tmrnp.rsp.fi in a fleshy or pulpy mass. 



9. Kind membranous. 



10. Rind leathery, separable. 



11. Rind hard, crustaceous. 



t 12. Inclosed in distinct cells. 



Akene (Buttercups). 

 Utricle (Pigweed). 

 Caryopsis (Grasses). 

 Glans, Acorn (Oak). 

 Samara, Key (Ash). 



Drupe (Cherry). 

 Tryma (Walnut). 

 Etaerio (Raspberry). 



Berry (Gooseberry). 

 Hesperidium (Orange). 

 Pepo (Squash). 

 Pome (Apple). 



* Pericarps dehiscent. 



t 13. Dehiscence circumscissile, seeds oo. 

 t Dehiscence valvular or porous ; 

 $ Simple, or 1-carpelled, 



14. Opening by the ventral suture. 



15. Opening by both sutures. 



16. Legume jointed. 



J Compound pericarps ; 



17. Placentae parietal with two cells. 



Silique short. 



18. Placentae parietal only when 1-celled. 



19. Capsule with carpophore and elastic 



styles. 



Pyxis (Henbane). 



Follicle (Columbine). 

 Legume (Pea). 

 Loment (Desmodium). 



Silique (Mustard). 



Silicle (Shepherd's Purse). 



Capsule (Flax). 



Regma (Geranium). 



2. Confluent Fruits (formed of an Inflorescence). 



* 20. With open carpels aggregated into a cone. Strobile (Pine). 



* 21. With closed carpels aggregated into a mass. Sorosis (Pineapple). 



