54, 55.] 



FORMS OF THE PERICARP. 



65 



151. The akene is a small, dry, indehiscent peri- 

 carp, free from the one seed which it contains, and 

 tipped with the remains of the style (Buttercups, 

 Lithospermum). 



The double akene of the Umbelliferee, supported on a carpophore, is called 

 cremocarp (177). The akenes of the Compositae, usually crowned with a pap- 

 pus, are called cypsda (178). 



The akenes are often mistaken for seeds. In the Labiatae and Borrage- 

 worts they are associated in fours (141). In Greum, Anemone, etc., they are 

 collected in heads. The rich pulp of the Strawberry consists wholly of the 

 overgrown receptacle, which bears the dry akenes on its surface (184). 



152. The utricle is a small, thin pericarp, fitting 

 loosely upon its one seed, and often opening trans- 

 versely to discharge it (Pigweed, Prince's Feather), 



176 



178 



176, Akenes of Anemone thalidtroides. 177, Cremocarp of Archangelica officinalis, its halves (mono- 

 carps) separated and suspended on the carpophore. 178, Cypsela of Thistle with its plumous pappus. 

 1^9, Utricle of Chenopodium (Pigweed). 180, Caryopsis of Wheat. 181, Samara of Elm. 182, Glans of 

 Beech. 183, Drupe of Prunus. 184, Fruit of Fragaria Indica, a fleshy torus like the Strawberry. 



153. Caryopsis, the grain or fruit of the Grasses, is 

 a thin, dry, 1 -seeded pericarp, inseparable from the 

 seed. 



154. Samara; dry, 1-seeded, indehiscent, furnished 

 with a membranous wing or wings (Ash, Elm, Maple). 



155. G-lans, or nut; hard, dry, indehiscent, com- 

 monly 1-seeded by suppression ( 145), and invested 



