86 STRUCTURAL BOTANY. [72,73. 



where but one branch arises from each joint (node) on 

 different sides of the stem, as in the Elm. The Oppo- 

 site is where two branches stand on opposite sides of 

 the same node, as in Maple. The Verticillate is where 

 three or more branches, equidistant, encircle the stem 

 at each node, as in the Pine. Dichotomous branching 

 is where a main or secondary axis forks into two 

 equal divisions, as often occurs in Flowerless Plants. 



216. Some plants produce adventitious roots which 

 may become independent. Nurserymen in this way 

 propagate scions, suckers, stolons, offsets, slips, layers, 

 cuttings, and runners. The Sucker is a branch issuing 

 from some underground portion of the plant, leaf- 

 bearing above and sending out roots from its own 

 base, becoming finally a separate, independent plant. 

 The Rose and Raspberry are thus multiplied. 



250, a. Slip (Gooseberry) taking root. 6, Cutting (Grape) taking root, c, Stolons or layers artificially 

 arranged for propagation, d, A mode of dwarfing ; the vessel, , is filled with soil, e, Scions ; process of 

 grafting. /, A sucker. 



217. The Stolon, or Layer, is a branch issuing from 

 some above-ground portion of the stem, and afterward 

 declining to the ground, taking root at or near its ex- 

 tremity, sending up new shoots, and becoming a new 



