CERAMBYCIDAE. 283 



Elytra usually covering the abdomen, rarely short ; epi- 

 pleurae usually distinct, rarely (some Phytoeciini) indistinct. 



Abdomen with five free ventral segments, the sixth visi-~ 

 ble in many males, and occasionally in both sexes. 



Legs variable, usually slender, thighs frequently strongly 

 clubbed, hind COXBB transverse, frequently inclosed exter- 

 nally by prolongation of epimera of metathorax. Tarsi 

 with joints 1-3 furnished beneath with brushes of hair, 

 sometimes wanting on the 1st and 2d joints of hind tarsi ; 

 3d joint emarginated or bilobed, 4th joint nodifbrrn, small, 

 connate with 5th joint; claws simple, rarely (Phytoeciini) 

 appendiculate or cleft, paronychium slender and distinct in 

 Prionida3, wanting in the others. 



A great family, containing an immense number of species, 

 which live in the larval state exclusively on the woody parts of 

 plants. The species are remarkable for large size, beauty of 

 color, or elegance of form, and have been, on these accounts, 

 great favorites with collectors. Nevertheless their classification, 

 and even the definition of the family, present difficulties which 

 have been called insuperable by every systematist who has yet 

 attempted the task. 



The species are easily recognized, the chiet variations being 

 only those of size, depeudent probably on the quantity of food 

 obtained by the larva, or the excellence of its digestive power. 

 At any rate, the differences appear to be individual and not in- 

 dicative of races. The genera are, on the other hand, extremery 

 indistinct, as at present recognized, for the reason that the specis 

 frequently differ not only by the usual specific characters of form, 

 color, sculpture, &c., but by structural peculiarities of consider- 

 able moment, sometimes sexual, sometimes asexual. By regard- 

 ing these peculiarities as of generic value, the number of genera 

 (as in birds) has been vastly and unnecessarily increased, and 

 the system of classification correspondingly diluted, so that the 

 more essential points of resemblance between allied forms are 

 lost sight of, and the arrangement becomes quite artificial. Fre- 

 quent reference will be made in the following pages to the mis- 

 placement of genera by the best authorities ; and, also, what 

 tends to greater confusion, to errors of description in several 

 of our genera, which lead to an incorrect appreciation of their 

 relations. 



Several characters which have been recently adopted for tbe 



