CULTURE OF THE ROSE. * 23 



poles or small pillars from six to twelve feet high. Some 

 of the Hybrid China roses are, as before mentioned, well 

 adapted to this use ; and even some of the most vigorous 

 Moss roses, sftch as Princess Adelaide, may be so trained. 

 Where a pole is used, two stems are sufficient. These 

 should be examined, and cut back to the first strong and 

 plump bud, removing the weaker buds always found 

 towards the extremity of a stem. Then let the stems so 

 pruned lie flat on the earth till the buds break into leaf, 

 after which they are to be tied to the pole. If they were 

 tied up immediately, the sap, obeying its natural tendency, 

 would flow .upward, expanding the highest bud, and leav- 

 ing many of those below dormant, so that a portion of the 

 stem would be bare. (The same course of proceeding may 

 be followed with equal advantage in the case of wall and 

 trellis roses.) The highest bud now throws up a strong 

 leading shoot, while the stem below becomes furnished 

 with an abundance ofsmall side-shoots. In the following 

 spring, the leading shoot is to be pruned back to the first 

 strong bud, and the treatment of the previous year re- 

 peated. By pursuing this process, the pillar may, in the 

 course of two or three years, be enveloped from the ground 

 to the summit with a mass of leaves and blossoms. 



These and all other rose-pruning operations are, in the 



