ACTUAL IMPROVEMENTS IN ENGLISH AGRICULTURE. 151 



Of Drilling, Sowing, Manuring, and Hoeing Machines. 

 Of drills and bessers, and seed-sowing barrows, some designed 

 for sowing manure with the seed, there were 61 ; of dibblers, for 

 putting in the seed, 4 ; of horse-hoes, adapted to the cultivation 

 of drilled crops, 20. 



Of Harvesting Machines. For hay-making, 4 ; horse- 

 rakes, 7. 



Of Barn Machinery. Horse engines, locomotive or station 

 ary, 7 ; steam engines for threshing or grinding, 6 ; threshing 

 machines, 15 ; winnowing and cleaning machines, 20 ; crashing 

 and splitting mills, 36 ; corn and meal mills, 20 ; chaff-cutters, 

 51; cake-crushers, for oil cake, 14; corn weighers and meas 

 ures, 2. 



Field, Fold, and Yard Machinery. Of turnip-cutters, 12 ; 

 root-graters and cider mill, 3 ; potato-washers, 2 ; steaming 

 apparatus, 5 ; feeding apparatus and fodder preservers, various ; 

 weighing machines for carts, cattle, &c., 4; fire and garden 

 engines, 11; machines for stock yard, various; sundries, ma 

 chines for breaking stones, iron field gates, hurdles, trucks, 

 fences, &c. &c. &c. 



Agricultural Carriages, Harness, and Gear. Wagons and 

 carts for market, for harvest, for manures, (solid and liquid,) for 

 family use, &c. &c., 38 ; breaks for carriages of all kinds ; sets 

 of wheels, axles, &c. ; harnesses and horse-gear ; drain tiles, and 

 implements for forming tiles, 9. 



Dairy Implements. Churns, 8 ; cheese presses, 6 ; curd 

 mills, 4 ; miscellaneous and various implements, and tools and 

 vessels for domestic and rural purposes. 



It cannot be expected that I should characterize these machines, 

 and point out their various properties ; though this is what I pro 

 pose to do hereafter, in respect to such of them as seem to me 

 most desirable to be introduced into my own country ; but the 

 number and variety of them which have been produced, and the 

 neatness and care with which they are made, evince great 

 mechanical skill and knowledge, and show that here, as well as 

 in other departments of industry, the mind has been at work, and 

 has produced the natural fruits of intense and well-directed 

 application. 



4. APPLICATION OF STEAM TO AGRICULTURE. There is, indeed, 



