172 EUROPEAN AGRICULTURE. 



church, from which it can never recover, so the successful asser 

 tion of the right of revolution against oppression, in 1776, read a 

 lesson to all arbitrary governments, which is not likely soon to 

 be forgotten. Under any form of government, the great security 

 for the subject is, that they who govern shall be equally affected 

 by their own measures as they who are governed ; and in 

 countries so free and enlightened as Great Britain and the United 

 States, whoever may rule, no measures of extreme injustice or 

 wrong are likely to be long endured. There is a force in public 

 opinion which can scarcely be resisted, and which is more power 

 ful than any mere legal enactments. What is mainly to be desired 

 is, that education should be so general in its extension, and so 

 elevated and just in its character, that public opinion may be 

 wisely formed, and be not only a commanding, but a safe and 

 worthy guide. 



The form or conditions of lease, in England, somewhat differ 

 in different places j but the main terms are every where the same. 

 Leases, generally, are drawn up in an exact form, arid become 

 sealed and legal instruments. The farm is entered upon in the 

 spring, and the rent is made payable semi-annually. The mode 

 of cultivation is generally prescribed by the landlord, from which 

 the tenant is not at liberty to depart. Two white crops are seldom 

 permitted to succeed each other without intervention upon the 

 same land. The green produce is required to be fed upon the 

 place ; and if hay or straw is sold, an equivalent quantity of ma 

 nure is required to be brought on. All substantial improvements 

 are the subject of special agreement ; and the tenant is never 

 allowed to cut down any tree or timber upon the place, or other 

 wise to commit any waste. Where a farm is to be quit, or entered 

 upon by a new tenant, the going-out tenant is at liberty to come 

 in to gather the crops which he himself has sown. 



There is a class of men, in England, of which we know nothing 

 in the United States ; these are called land surveyors or valuers. 

 These are generally persons of experience and judgment, who 

 examine the condition of the place, and estimate what would be 

 a fair rent to be paid ; and by their opinion the parties are usually 

 governed. Such a person is often employed to estimate the value 

 of growing crops, where an allowance is to be made by the in 

 coming to the out-going tenant. This professional man, if well 

 qualified for his office, may be highly useful ; and such a course 



