204 EUROPEAN AGRICULTURE. 



The farm is under two different rotations of crops ; one part 

 being under the five-course rotation, the other under what is 

 deemed the four-shift. The five-course system of cropping is, 



First year ; oats after pasture : 



Second &quot; turnips, potatoes, vetches, beans, or flax with 



manure : 

 Third &quot; wheat, barley, or oats, sown with clover and 



grasses : 



Fourth &quot; clover for soiling, or hay : 

 Fifth &quot; pasture. 



The four-crop rotation is the same, with the exception of the 

 fifth year in pasture. 



The department for in-door instruction consists of a head and 

 an assistant teacher j and the course of instruction embraces 

 spelling, reading, grammar, writing, arithmetic, geography, 

 book-keeping, as applicable both to commercial and agricultural 

 accounts, geometry, algebra, trigonometry, with its application 

 to heights and distances, and land-surveying, together with the 

 use of the water-level, the theodolite, and chain. 



The agricultural department is intrusted to an experienced 

 and skilful farmer, a native of Scotland, who has under him an 

 assistant, a gardener, and ploughman. 



Of the pupils, the one half are at their studies in the house, 

 while the others are pursuing their agricultural instruction out 

 of doors. This is the arrangement for the morning. In the 

 afternoon, the arrangements are such that those in school in the 

 morning are at work in the field in their turn. 



The garden and nursery are objects of study and practice, and 

 the lessons received in the house, in surveying and mapping, are 

 applied in the field. Oral instruction and lectures are given in 

 their proper place and time. 



The buildings afford the necessary accommodations of school 

 rooms, dining-hall, and sleeping apartments, and they furnish 

 accommodations for seventy-six pupils. So far as I observed, 

 there was no provision whatever for luxury or indulgence, and 

 the fittings up were of the plainest description. One of the 

 regulations of the school requires the pupils to wash their hands 

 and faces before business in the morning, on returning from 



