EUROPEAN AGRICULTURE. 



convey all the water of the back drains, on the side next the 

 brook, under it, as shown in the former sketch, and here by 

 dotted lines.&quot; 



I Back Drain. 



B . . . . Brook. 



EXPLANATION 



T Tunnel. 



E . . . . Embankment. 



R River. 



N Natural Soil. 



&quot; These tunnels are rather costly ; but being, in most cases, 

 few in number, form no great objection to what, in all other 

 respects, is the most cheap, and often the only effectual plan of 

 drainage in extensive marshes. When the back drains, in ordi 

 nary seasons, have the surface of their water about four feet 

 lower than the natural soil, it gives sufficient fall for effectually 

 draining the adjacent land by the usual ditches, under-drahis, &c. 

 Where, on a minor scale, bogs are fed, at the foot of rising grounds, 

 from springs below the surface, it has been found impracticable 

 to drain them, but by intercepting, by a very deep catch-water 

 drain, the springs from entering the bog. No drains, however 

 deep or large, below the bog, will dry the land, for it has to pass 

 through the land, and cause it to be a bog before it is led off.&quot; 



&quot; P. S. It has occurred to me that you ought to be aware 

 how extensively steam power has been employed, in Lincoln 

 shire and other flat counties, in draining land where the natural 

 fall is insufficient. My own case at Scampton reminded me of 

 this; for although, when I first drained that estate in the way I 

 have described, there was a sufficient outfall, yet, when my 

 neighbors began to find out the benefits of draining their land, 

 they embanked against me ; and thus, in time of flood, my old 



