DRAINAGE. 73 



outlet was inefficient, and I have been obliged to eke out my 

 former drainage by expending six or seven hundred pounds in a 

 twelve-horse power steam-engine, which has proved quite suf 

 ficient to keep the estate dry in the highest floods. I believe 

 there are about 400 acres of land subject to flood, without the 

 means of keeping it out. The steam-power is applied to a sim 

 ple water-wheel turning freely in a walled watercourse, which 

 terminates in a curve, which rises over the top of the embank 

 ment, necessary to keep out the flood-water of the river that 

 flows below the estate.&quot; 



The power is so adjusted as to give the water in the drain 

 just sufficient, velocity to rise over the embankment; and the 

 wheel does not touch the walled trough in which it works, either 

 on the sides or bottom, so that there is no friction but on its axis. 

 I am informed, where these engines have been employed exten 

 sively for otherwise unreclaimed morasses, the expense is trifling, 

 compared with the profits of the land thus brought into culti 

 vation.&quot; 



8. DRAINAGE IN NOTTINGHAMSHIRE. A tract of land of about 

 6000 acres, in Nottinghamshire, on the northern boundary of this 

 county, called The Cars, has been drained in a similar way. &amp;gt; 

 The general impression is, that the sea once flowed over this 

 territory. Half a century ago, this morass was first attempted to 

 be brought into cultivation. At that time it was absolutely a 

 bog, and no horse could be used in ploughing it. The first 

 attempts at draining it were not successful. &quot; In 1828, a steam- 

 engine was erected, of forty-horse power, at a cost of 6000, for 

 lifting the water by a wheel. The engine is placed upon the 

 main drain, about three quarters of a mile from the River Trent, 

 into which the drainage of these Cars empties itself; but, unfor- 



VOL. II. 7 



