THE DRAINAGE OF FARMS. 85 



saving of expense, by adopting this simple expedient, he calculates 

 at 2d. per rod, which would be equal to 2 per acre. The 

 plough opened the soil to the depth of 8 inches. These drains 

 are made at 11 feet apart and 30 inches in depth. This kind of 

 draining can apply only to heavy clay lands. In gravelly soils, 

 stones or tile must be used. 



10. SCOTCH DRAINING PLOUGH. At the interesting and ad 

 mirable museum of the Messrs. Drummond, at Stirling, Scotland, 

 I saw a mammoth plough designed at one operation to open a 

 drain and sink it almost to its required depth. It was the inven 

 tion of Mr. M Ewan, of Blair Drummond, and upon low alluvial 

 lands, or clay land, which is not too stiff, or upon what is called 

 carse land, (which much resembles the alluvial lands on the Con 

 necticut River,) it &quot; effected the opening of drains to a depth of 

 from 18 to 22 inches in the most perfect manner, and at the 

 small cost of about 2 d. per rood of 36 yards. The size of the 

 implement was perfectly Brobdignagian, and I had almost said 

 terrific. 



J\rEwarCs Draining Plough. 



u The leading principles of the construction of Mr. M Ewan s 

 draining plough are, having it of such large dimensions as to 

 turn out at once the full depth of the drain, which is the more 

 easily accomplished by having the furrow of a wedge shape, and 

 ample in its width, so that, when separated from the soil, it shall 

 lift freely out ; having the mould-board or inclined plane of 

 the plough of great length, and consequently of easy slope, so 

 that the great and weighty furrow shall be gradually raised, 

 while, by the same form, the plough is rendered more steady and 

 easy to hold. The furrow is taken clear out, and laid along the 

 drain at one foot distant from the margin. From eight to twelve 

 horses are necessary to work this plough in carse land, according 



VOL. II. 8 



