170 EUROPEAN AGRICULTURE. 



clover and rye grass, pastured ; 4th, ditto ; 5th, wheat ; 6th, 

 winter tares ; 7th, Swedish turnips j 8th, barley ; 9th, red clover ; 

 10th, wheat ; llth, beans ; 12th, wheat. 



In this case, the turnips, the first year, are manured with ten 

 two-horse cart-loads of manure to the acre, well turned in in 

 the spring. The crops of the third and fourth year are fed off 

 by sheep on the land. The sixth year, the tares have a moder 

 ate dressing of manure. The seventh year, the Swedish turnips, 

 besides twelve two-horse loads of manure, have likewise applied 

 forty bushels of ashes and bone dust. The ninth year, a slight 

 dressing of manure is applied to the land after the first crop is 

 taken off for soiling. The eleventh year, the land is manured 

 with seven or eight two-horse cart-loads of manure, applied be 

 fore sowing in the spring. 



The rotation of crops pursued by Mr. John Morton, on the 

 Whitfield Example farm, which I had the pleasure of visiting, is 

 for a clay soil, as follows : 1st year, swedes and mangel-wur 

 zel ; 2d year, wheat and beans ; 3d, clover ; 4th, wheat and 

 oats, that is, part of the land in each ; 5th, vetches, rye, early 

 turnips ; 6th, wheat. 



On a sandy soil, the rotation is as follows : 1st, swedes and 

 mangel-wurzel ; 2d, barley : 3d, clover ; 4th, oats ; 5th. cab 

 bage, potatoes ; 6th, wheat. 



On a limestone soil, 1st year, rye and turnips ; 2d, barley ; 

 3d, clover ; 4th, oats ; 5th, turnips ; 6th, wheat. 



I do not deem it necessary to cite any more examples of the 

 rotation of crops ; and my object has been, not to prescribe any 

 particular rule of management, but merely to illustrate the prac 

 tice which prevails here. How far it would be eligible, or 

 adapted to the condition of agriculture, in the United States, is 

 quite another question, and must receive a very different answer 

 in different localities. Many of the crops which are cultivated 

 here are not, within my knowledge, cultivated at all in the Uni 

 ted States, such as vetches or tares, though I have myself tried 

 them upon a small scale, and have known one or two farmers to 

 experiment upon them in the same way ; and, in the next place, 

 there is here an incapacity to grow a crop which is common with 

 us, the maize, or Indian corn, a crop, which, in my honest 

 opinion, all its uses being considered, is the most valuable prod 

 uct that ever came out of the ground. 



