192 EUROPEAN AGRICULTURE. 



ample evidence that he practised what he preached. &quot; There 

 ought to be one particular person to superintend and pay atten 

 tion to the feeding ; and one of the most important parts of his 

 duty is, to ascertain the appetite of every beast. Cows, like 

 other animals, will eat less or more ; and they ought to be sup 

 plied according as they require it, being kept rather with an 

 appetite, than otherwise. As soon as the animal has eaten its 

 food, all refuse should be immediately taken away, and nothing 

 suffered to remain in the stalls before it. The cattle will know 

 the hour of feeding as correctly as the clock tells it, and will 

 be disappointed and fretted if neglected. This neglect is preju 

 dicial both to milking and fattening. Every farmer who culti 

 vates his land in a proper manner, will have plenty of food for 

 his cows in the house, summer and winter, and of various kinds. 

 Cows, like other animals, are capricious in their appetites ; they 

 will not agree with being constantly confined to the same kind 

 of food. No matter how nutritious in itself, there ought to be 

 a variety ; a change, if possible, for every feed.&quot; This is the 

 mode of feeding which, he says, he himself has found eligi 

 ble. &quot; I give six feeds in the day, summer and winter, beginning 

 at 6 o clock in the morning, and ending at 9 in the evening. 

 viz., at 6, at 8, at 12, at 3, at 6, at 9. They get water in 

 their stalls at 10 in the morning, and at 5 in the afternoon : 

 they are likewise turned out one hour, from 10 to 11, where they 

 exercise, and drink if they choose. The kinds of food I use 

 chiefly are the following : In summer, at 6, 1 feed with perennial 

 or Italian rye grass and clover ; at 8, with cabbages or leaves : 

 at 12, with cut hay and straw j [this feed is to prevent the 

 action of too much green feed upon them ; a cow in health 

 ought never to be purging j if she is, both milk and flesh are 

 running off ; ] at 3, upon vetches; at 6, upon mangel-wurzel 

 leaves, rape, cleanings of ditches, or other refuse of the farm or 

 garden ; at 9, clover or grass, or this may again be dried feed, 

 if the state of the bowels requires it. In winter, at 6, first feed 

 with steamed food ; at 8, with turnips, raw ; at 12, with cut hay 

 and straw ; at 3, with mangel-wurzel raw ; at 6, with steamed 

 food ; at 9, with hay and straw. Water must be given or 

 offered, and plenty of salt used in the steamed food. This 

 mode, after much experience, I have found highly advantageous 

 for all my cattle. He adds. &quot; I have ascertained that when my 



