AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION. 425 



six of one year s standing ; and these sections are constantly 

 under the direction of the Professor of Practical Agriculture. 



As the establishment at Grignon may be considered a model 

 agricultural establishment, it may be useful to go more into 

 detail in regard to the course of instruction pursued here. 



Once a week there is an exercise, which embraces every thing 

 relating to the management of the teams and the implements. 



First, for example, in the different modes of executing any 

 work, and using the utensils employed. The harness, the collar, 

 the traces, and how attached, the shaft-horse or the cattle 

 attached to the load, and the adjustment of the load to their 

 backs ; the yoke, the single yoke, the double yoke ; the pack- 

 saddle ; the harnessing of a saddle-horse ; the team for plough 

 ing ; the team for harrowing ; the team for drawing loads ; the 

 team for wagons and for carriages with all their appurtenances ; 



every one of these matters is to be practically understood, as 

 well as the whole management of the team in action. 



In ploughing, the turning the furrow, its inclination, its 

 breadth and depth ; the laying out of fields ; the management 

 of large and small fields; how to make the first furrow, and to 

 finish the last furrow ; to lay the land flat, to break it up in 

 clods ; to plough it at a certain angle, to lay the land in curved 

 furrows; these are all considered, and make part of the instruc 

 tion given. The preparation, equipment, and use of every agri 

 cultural implement such as ploughs, harrows, rollers, scarifiers, 

 cultivators, sowing machines, trenching machines; the practice 

 of sowing, the different modes of sowing, whether broadcast, by 

 dibble, or in drills ; the application of manure both as to time, 

 mode, quantity, and preparation, and the composting of manures. 



are matters of inquiry and practice. 



The cutting of grasses ; the making of hay, and the construc 

 tion of stacks ; the harvesting of grain, by the scythe or by the 

 sickle ; appendages to the scythe, called commonly the cradle : 

 and the grinding of scythes ; the making of sheaves, and of 

 shocks, or stacks ; and the loading and the stowing away of 

 grain, are matters to be understood. 



A practical attention is required to every form of service on 

 the farm ; in the cow-house ; the horse-stables ; the fatting- 

 stalls ; the sheep-fold ; the sties ; the poultry-yard ; the thresh 

 ing-floor : the stercorary : and the storehouses for the produce 

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