AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION. 427 



and their application ; cubic measure of different solids, of hewn 

 stones, of rough stones ; the measurement of loose or broken 

 stones, of sand, of lands excavated, of ground filled in, of 

 stacks, and of heaps of manure ; the cubic measure of trees 

 standing, and of felled trees, of beams, and every kind of carpen 

 ter s work, of firewood, of walls, arches, and ditches or dikes ; 

 the ascertaining of the capacity of carriages, wagons, carts, 

 wheel-barrows, pails, troughs, barrels and casks, basins or ponds, 

 and different vessels in use, and of granaries and barns, and the 

 determination of the weights of bodies. To all this is added a 

 full course of trigonometry. They are accustomed likewise to 

 the familiar use of the scale, of the square, of the compass, and 

 of the compasses for delineation, and are often occupied in super 

 ficial and in profile drawing. 



The next course of instruction embraces embankments, the 

 force of earths and liquids, or their pressure, at rest or in motion. 



The materials employed in masonry ; their uses and applica 

 tion in building embracing stones, bricks, lime, sand, mortars, 

 cements, plaster ; and all the various modes of building. 



The laying of walls for foundations ; the erection of walls ; 

 the supports requisite ; and the construction of passages, enclo 

 sures, and arches ; the different kinds of woods, their absolute 

 and relative strength ; their duration, and the modes of preserv 

 ing them ; every kind of carpenter s work ; the construction of 

 floors, staircases, scaffoldings, and exterior supports ; the con 

 structions of roofs, in timber, with thatch, rushes, shingles, tiles, 

 slates, zinc, or bitumen ; the paving of roads, the formation of 

 barn-floors, with clay or composition of bituminous substances, 

 which form a hard and enduring surface, are subjects of inquiry. 



Next comes instruction in the blacksmith s shop, in the use 

 of the forge, and the other implements of the trade ; and in the 

 various applications of iron and steel, of copper, lead, and zinc. 



They are instructed, likewise, in the manufacture and use of 

 ieather and cordage ; and in the various details of painting and 

 glazing. The prices or cost likewise of all these different pro 

 cesses, are, as far as practicable, ascertained ; and the modes of 

 estimating such work are explained. 



The next course embraces the elements of natural philosophy; 

 and this includes chemistry, geology, and mineralogy. 



First, the general properties of bodies, their divisibility, elas- 



