CALCARINA, TINOPOKUS, AND BACULOGYPSINA. 365 



D'Orbigny in 1826 figures Calcarina defrancii d'Orbigny (pi. 

 13, figs. 5-7). These show a fairly smooth test in a low trochoid 

 spire with elongate spines, one from each chamber, and those of the 

 earlier whorl persisting above those of the last formed whorl. Brady 

 figures similar specimens in the Challenger report. Fornasini in 

 figuring the tracings of the " planches inedites " gives more bizarre 

 forms, in one with spines having forked tips. Such specimens were 

 figured by Carpenter (Introd. Foram., 1862). These are caused, at 

 least in some cases, by the spines of the earlier and later whorls fus- 

 ing, and being at different angles the points of the two or more con- 

 tinue their original lines and diverge. Specimens of this species are 

 smooth except for the spire, and the spines are also relatively smooth. 

 Specimens are fairly common at some stations, usually in compara- 

 tively shallow water (pi. 44, fig. 2). 



A fourth species is described by Brady in 1876 and figured in the 

 Challenger Report (pi. 107, figs. 8, 9) as Calcarina hispida H. B. 

 Brady. This again is a well-known species, flattened and the entire 

 surface hispid with short blunt spines, these extending out into the 

 numerous flattened spines of the periphery. This spinose condition 

 is part of the supplementary skelton and the newly added chambers 

 of the spire are added directly on top of this hispid surface. The 

 chambers themselves at their inception are very thin walled and 

 punctate, but quickly add the thickened layer of spinose skeleton. 

 Occasionally there are a few tubercles developed in the center of the 

 surface (pi. 44, fig. 4) . From the evidence of the " planches inedites " 

 this is the same as d'Orbigny's Calcarina quoyi, which becomes a 

 synonym of C. hispida, as it was not recognizable until the publi- 

 cation of the figures by Fornasini in 1907. 



Associated with the other species already noted were specimens 

 with usually three rather pointed spines, very hispid, the center of 

 the body surface with a group of large tubercles and a very definitely 

 trochoid spire. It was noted that these occurred only in association 

 with a larger form of what has been generally known as Tinoporus. 

 A series of these studied showed that all were but developmental 

 stages of one species, some of the stages of which are shown in plate 

 45, figure 1, shows the general appearance of the young, with a regular 

 spire, the elongate spines and central tubercles. Figure 2 shows a 

 slightly later stage, where the newly added chambers now begin to 

 appear around the periphery of the test and even on the dorsal side 

 (26). Figure 3 shows a later stage where the development of the 

 chambers has become greater and both sides are beginning to be cov- 

 ered with the hemispherical, thin walled, punctate chambers cover- 

 ing the hispid surface and extending out onto the spines. In the 

 adult this continues until the spines are completely covered, as in 

 figure 5. In figure 4 is shown a specimen with an eroded test the 



