ACTION ON THE TISSUES 281 



lungs, and liver. In the guinea-pig the disease is less acute, 

 though secondary nodules in internal organs are usually present 

 in considerable numbers. At the site of inoculation an inflam- 

 matory swelling forms, which soon softens and breaks down, 

 leading to the formation of an irregular crateriform ulcer with 

 indurated margins. The lymphatic vessels become infiltrated, 

 and the corresponding lymphatic glands become enlarged to the 

 size of peas or small nuts, softened, and semi-purulent. The 

 animal sometimes dies in two or three weeks, sometimes not for 

 a longer period. Secondary nodules, in varying numbers in 

 different cases, may be present in the spleen, lungs, bones, nasal 

 mucous membrane, testicles, ovaries, etc. ; in some cases a few 

 nodules are found in the spleen alone. Intraperitoneal injection 

 in the male guinea-pig is followed, as pointed out by Straus, by 

 a very rapid and semi-purulent affection of the tunica vaginalis, 

 shown during life by great swelling and redness of the testicles, 

 which changes may be noticeable in two or three days. By this 

 method there occur also numerous small nodules on the surface 

 of the peritoneum. Eabbits are less susceptible than guinea- 

 pigs, and the effect of subcutaneous inoculation is somewhat 

 uncertain. Accidental inoculation of the human subject with 

 pure cultures of the bacillus has in more than one instance been 

 followed by the acute form of the disease and a fatal result. 



Mayer has found that when the glanders bacillus is injected along 

 with melted butter into the peritoneum of a guinea-pig, it shows 

 filamentous, branching, and club-shaped forms; in other words, it 

 presents the characters of a streptothrix. Lubarsch, on the other hand, 

 in a comparative study of the results of inoculation with acid-fast and 

 other bacilli, found none of the above characters in the case of the 

 glanders bacillus (cf. Tubercle). 



Action on the Tissues. From the above facts it will be seen 

 tl;at in many respects glanders presents an analogy to tubercle as 

 regards the general characters of the lesions and the mode of 

 spread. When the tissue changes in the two diseases are 

 compared, certain differences are found. The glanders bacillus 

 causes a more rapid and more marked inflammatory reaction. 

 There is more leucocytic infiltration and less proliferative change 

 which might lead to the formation of epithelioid cells. Thus 

 the centre of an early glanders nodule shows a dense aggregation 

 of leucocytes, most of which are polymorpho-nuclear, whilst in 

 the central parts many show fragmentation of nuclei with the 

 formation of a deeply staining granular detritus. And further, 

 the inflammatory change may be followed by suppurative 

 softening of the tissue, especially in certain situations, such as 



