PATHOGENIC EFFECTS OF B. TYPHOSUS 331 



organism found. This lias been the case in subcutaneous 

 abscesses, in suppurative periostitis, suppuration in the parotid, 

 abscesses in the kidneys, etc., and probably also in one or two 

 cases of ulcerative endocarditis. But in the majority of cases 

 other organisms, especially the b. coli and the pyogenic 

 micrococci, have been obtained, the typhoid bacillus having been 

 searched for in vain. It has, moreover, been experimentally 

 shown, notably by Dmochowski and Janowski, that suppuration 

 can be experimentally produced by injection in animals, especially 

 in rabbits, of pure cultures of the typhoid bacillus, the occurrence 

 of suppuration being favoured by conditions of depressed vitality, 

 etc. These observers also found that when typhoid bacilli were 

 injected along with pyogenic staphylococci, the former died out 

 in the pusjnore quickly than the latter. Accordingly, in clinical 

 cases where the typhoid bacillus is present alone, it is improbable 

 that other organisms were present at an earlier date. 



Pathogenic Effects produced in Animals by the Typhoid 

 Bacillus. There is no disease known to veterinary science 

 which can be said to be identical with typhoid, nor is there any 

 evidence of the occurrence of the typhoid bacillus under ordinary 

 pathological conditions in the bodies of animals. Attempts 

 to communicate the disease to animals by feeding them on 

 typhoid dejecta have been unsuccessful, and though pathogenic 

 effects have been produced by introducing pure cultures in 

 food, the disease has usually borne no resemblance to human 

 typhoid. The most successful experiments have been those of 

 Remlinger, who, by continuously feeding rabbits on vegetables 

 soaked in water containing typhoid bacilli, produced in certain 

 cases symptoms resembling those of typhoid fever (diarrhoea, 

 remittent pyrexia, etc.). An agglutinating action was observed 

 in the serum, and post mortem there was congestion of the 

 Peyerian patches, and typhoid bacilli were isolated from 

 the spleen. 



While feeding experiments are thus rather unsatisfactory, the 

 same may be said of the results of subcutaneous or intraperitoneal 

 infection. Here, again, pathogenic effects can easily be produced 

 by the typhoid bacillus, but these effects are of the nature of a 

 short acute illness characterised by pyrexia, rapid loss of weight, 

 inability to take food, and frequently ending fatally in from 

 twenty-four to forty-eight hours. The type of disease is thus very 

 different from what occurs naturally in man. In such injection 

 experiments the results vary considerably, sometimes scarcely 

 any effect being produced by a large dose of a culture. This 

 is no doubt due to the fact that different strains of the bacillus 



