674 APPENDIX. 



ferent parts of the cells, give a striated or dotted appearance to 

 the shaft. 



The medulla consists of numerous angular or rounded cells, 

 containing granules or globules of fat, and arranged in one or 

 more linear series. 



The cells of the cuticular coat are somewhat flattened, and 

 quadrangular in form, the margins are black, and they are with- 

 out a nucleus. 



The fibrous layer of the hair-follicle consists of an outer mem- 

 brane composed of areolar tissue, having longitudinal fibres, with 

 long, spindle-shaped nuclei, and an inner delicate membrane, 

 consisting of transverse fibres, with long and narrow nuclei. The 

 pulp of the hair consists of fibrous areolar tissue, containing 

 nuclei and granules of fat, but no cells. 



EXAMINATION OF MORBID GROWTHS. 



Morbid growths are of common occurrence, and are found 

 growing in different parts of the body ; externally upon the 

 surface, and internally in the solid parenchyma of the viscera. 



Sometimes these growths, as in the case of fatty and certain 

 fibrous tumors, bony exostoses, &c., consist of a simple hyper- 

 trophy or rapid development of the tissues of the part in which 

 they are located ; very frequently, again, they are highly complex 

 in structure, and differ more or less from the surrounding tissues. 

 It is exceedingly difficult to classify them, even for the purposes 

 of study, since the microscopic characters of one run into and 

 blend almost imperceptibly with those of another. Thus the 

 so-called benign tumors present various shades of transition into 

 the malignant forms. It will be seen, therefore, that the varie- 

 ties of these growths are numerous. 



Sometimes the cutaneous epithelium undergoes an unusual 

 development, constituting warts. The subcutan eous areolar tissue 

 of the foot, leg, scrotum, and other parts, may be hypertrophied 

 to such an extent as to occasion the most serious results. 



In making an examination of morbid growths, "the secretmn, 

 if such exists on the surface of the tumor, should be first sepa- 

 rately examined : secondly, the microscopical characters of the 

 juice which exudes from the freshly-cut surface should be ascer- 

 tained ; and, lastly, a thin section ought to be made, in order to 

 determine the relation of the constituents of the tumor to each 

 other, and especially the proportions in which the different ele- 

 ments are present. Its connection with surrounding structures 

 may be seen by examining a thin section, which should include 

 a portion of the adjacent texture ; and these observations should 

 be made first with low powers, and afterwards with a power of 

 about two hundred diameters." (Beale.) 



The arrangement and direction of fibres ; the form, size, and 

 contents of cells ; the presence or absence of nuclei, granules, 



