SPIDER-LIKE ANIMALS 387 



of the cephalo-thorax, two of them being close together near the 

 middle line, while the remainder form a couple of groups, one 

 on each side, near the front end of the body. Each of these 

 groups contains from two to five separate eyes. The develop- 

 ment takes place without metamorphosis. 



The class is divided into the following orders: 



1. Scorpions (SCORPIONID^E). 



2. False Spiders (SOLPUGIM). 



3. False Scorpions (PSEUDOSCORPIONID/E). 



4. Whip-Scorpions (PEDIPALPI). 



5. Harvestmen (PHALANGHXE). 



6. Spiders (ARANEID^:). 



7. Mites (ACARINA). 



To these are usually added two small groups of doubtful 

 affinities, i.e. 



8. Tongue- Worms (LiNGUATULlD^E). 



9. Bear-Animalcules (TARDIGRADA). 



Order I. SCORPIONS (Scorpionidae) 



Scorpions, all of which conform to the description already 

 given, are widely distributed throughout the warmer parts of 

 the globe. Two common South European species are the little 

 House-Scorpion (Euscorpius Europ&us], which ranges as far as 

 the Tyrol and Carpathians; and the much larger Field- Scorpion 

 (Buthus Europceus), common in the Mediterranean countries. 

 The largest and most poisonous forms are the black Rock- 

 Scorpions of Africa and India, which may be as much as 9 inches 

 in length. These belong to the type-genus Scorpio. 



Order 2. FALSE SPIDERS (Solpugidae) 



The order of False Spiders includes a small number of 

 species having a wide distribution, and mostly limited to warm 

 countries. A well-known type is the Common False -Spider 

 (Galeodes araneoides] (fig. 235), found in South Russia, Persia, 

 Arabia, and Egypt, and much feared on account of its poisonous 

 bite. The Kalmucks, Kirghiz, and other nomad tribes avoid 

 regions where it abounds, for its attacks are not limited to human 



