x CONTENTS 



CHAPTER LVL LIFE-HISTORIES, CARE OF EGGS AND 

 YOUNG, AND DWELLINGS, IN BACKBONED ANIMALS 



(VERTEBRATA) 



Page 



LIFE-HISTORIES, &C., OF PRIMITIVE VERTEBRATES (PROTOCHORDATA). Worm- 

 like Protochordates (Hemichorda) Acorn-headed Worm (Balanoglossus], 

 Simple Larva, Tornaria Larva. Sea-Squirts, Ascidians, or Tunicates (Uro- 

 chorda) Life- History of A scidia; Metagenesis in Salps 420 



LIFE-HISTORIES, &c., OF FISHES (PISCES) Round-Mouths (Cyclostomatd)\^?,\K- 



preys and Lamperns (Petromyzon}, Ammocoetes Larva ----- 422 



Sharks and Rays (Elasmobranchii) Egg- Capsules of Skate (Raid}, Dog- 

 Fish (Scyllium}, and Port Jackson Shark (Cestraciori) ; Embryo and Food- Yolk 424 



Ordinary Bony Fishes (Teleostei) Size and Number of Eggs; Floating 

 Eggs of Sea-Bass (Serranus\ &c.; Adhesive Eggs of Herring (Clupeus 

 harengus) ; Egg- Capsules of Blennies (Bleniidce) ; Viviparous Blenny (Zoarces 

 viviparus). Care of Eggs or Young Butter-Fish (Centronotus Gunnellus}; 

 Fish as Mothers Aspredo, Solenostoma; Fish as Fathers Arms, Greater 

 Pipe-Fish (Syngnathus acus}, Sea-Horse (Hippocampus], Nests, &c., of Para- 

 dise-Fish (Macropomus viridiauratus] and Sticklebacks (Gasterosteidce). Life- 

 Histories of Turbot (Rhombus maximus}, Salmon (Salmo salar), and Common 

 Eel (Anguilla vulgaris] Leptocephalus Larva 425 



LlFE-HiSTORlES, &c., OF AMPHIBIANS (AMPHIBIA) Tailed Amphibians (Uro- 

 deld} Newts or Efts. Moored Eggs of Spelerpes bilineatus; Egg- Bags of 

 Salamandrella Keyserlingi. Maternal Care in Three-toed Salamander (Amphi- 

 uma means], Desmognathus fuscus, and Autodax lugubris. The Axolotl 

 (Amblystoma tigrinuni}. Viviparous Development in Spotted Salamander 

 (Salamandra maculosd) and Black Salamander (S. atra) - 434 



Tailless Amphibians (Anura} Spawning of Common Toad (Bufo vul- 

 garis), Grass Frog (Rana temporarid], and Leptodactylus mystacinus; Egg- 

 Cases of Phyllomedusa JheringL Nurseries of the Ferreiro (Hyla faber). 

 Tadpoles of Ordinary Frogs and Toads. Care of Eggs in Rhacophorus 

 Schlegeli and Hylodes Martinicensis. Egg-Carrying by Males Alytes obstetri- 

 cans, Rhi?ioderma Darivini. Egg-Carrying by Females Surinam Toad (Pipa 

 Americana}, Rhacophorus reticulatus, Hyla Goeldii, and Nototrema - - - 436 



Limbless Amphibians (Gymnophiond) Care of Eggs and Life-History in 

 Caecilians Ichthyophis glutinosa, Hypogeophis, Typhlonectes compressicaudata 442 



LIFE-HISTORIES, &c., OF REPTILES (REPTILIA) Tuataras (Rhynchocephald) 



Care of Eggs in the Tuatara (Hatteria punctatd) - - 443 



Snakes (Ophidid) Eggs of Grass-Snake (Tropidonotus natrix}\ "Egg- 

 Tooth " ; Care of Eggs by Female Pythons ; Viviparous Habit of Adder (Pelias 

 berus] and Marine Snakes (Hydrophince, -------- 444 



Lizards (Lacertilid] Eggs and "Egg-Tooth " ; Nesting Habits of Common 

 Iguana (Iguana tuberculatd}, Eyed Lizard (Lacerta ocellatd), Spanish Sand- 

 Lizard (Psammodromus Hispanicus], and Common Chameleon (Chamceleo vul- 

 garis\ Viviparous Lizard (Zootoca vivipard) and Blind-Worm (Anguis fragilis) 445 



Turtles and Tortoises (Chelonid] Care of Eggs in European Pond- 

 Tortoise (Emys orbicularis) and Edible Turtle (Chelone my das}. Dwellings of 

 the Gopher Tortoise (Testudo polyphemus} - 446 



