CONTENTS. XV 



CHAPTER IX. 

 FUNGI AND LICHENS. 



PAGE 



Brewery Yeast : Structure of Yeast Cell ; Pasteur Solution ; 



Alcoholic Fermentation ; Budding ; Spore Formation ... 285 

 Pythium : Material for Study ; Thallus and Gonidangia ; 



Development of Gonidangium ; Zoogonidia ; Antheridium 



and Oogonium ;, Oospore ... ... ... ... ... ... 288 



Mucor : Material for Study ; Mycelium and Gonidiophores ; 



Structure, Development, and Dehiscence of Gonidangium ; 



Germination of Gonidium ; Torula (Yeast) Condition of 



Mucor; Sexual Reproduction in Sporodinia ; Zygospore ... 290 

 Eurotium : Material for Study ; Mycelium and Gonidiophores ; 



Gonidia ; Ascocarp ; Asci ; Ascospores ... ... ... 294 



Penicillium : Culture of Mycelium ; Gonidiophores ; Ascocarps 297 

 Sphaerotheca : Mycelium ; Haustoria ; Gonidiophores ; Gonidia ; 



Mushroom : Mycelium ; Culture Methods ; Development of 

 Gonidiophore ; Spore Print ; Structure of Gonidiophore 

 Stalk, Cap, Gills, Hymenium, Spores 300 



Puccinia graminis : Uredospores on Wheat ; Teleutospores on 

 Wheat ; Germination of Uredospores and Teleutospores ; 

 Infection of Barberry by Sporidia ; Aecidia and Spermo- 

 gonia on Barberry ; Structure of Aecidium and of Spermo- 

 gonium ; Culture of Aecidiospores and Spermatia ; Aecidia, 

 etc. , of other Uredineae ... ... 303 



Xanthoria parietina : General Characters ; Thallus ; Apothecium ; 



Ascospores ; Spermogonia and Spermatia ; Soredia ... ... 309 



Collema : General Characters ; Structure of Nostoc and Col- 



lema ; Structure of Apothecium of Discomycetes ... ... 312 



CHAPTER X. 

 PELLIA AND FUNAEIA. 



Pellia epiphylla : General Characters ; Seasonal Study of Life 

 History ; Structure of Thallus ; Antheridia and Arche- 

 gonia ; L. S. of Sporogonium in situ ; Structure of Sporo- 

 gonium Haustoriurn, Seta,, Capsule Wall, Elaterophore, 



