FUNARIA. 



341 



appear. These constitute the protonema, the filaments 

 consisting of a branching row of long cells containing 

 chloroplasts and separated by transverse cross-walls. 



The branches, each of which arises just behind a cross- 

 wall, may grow into (1) green filaments with colourless 



c _ 



Fig. 83. FUNARIA. Structure of Capsule Wall and Apophysis. A, part of a 

 transverse section of the Apophysis, showing a stoma with underlying spongy 

 green tissue ; B, surface view of Stoma ; C, part of a longitudinal section of 

 Capsule- wall, showing epidermis, colourless aqueous tissue, spongy green tissue ; 

 D, Stoma on apophysis of a young capsule, in surface view. 



walls (ordinary protonema) ; or (2) thinner filaments with 

 brownish walls, oblique cross-walls, and no chlorophyll 

 (rhizoids) ; or (3) buds from which arise young Moss 

 shoots ; or (4) small pear-shaped " bulbils " or " tubers." 



Protonema can also be obtained (1) from rhizoids, by 

 turning a Funaria sod upside down and keeping it moist 

 under a bell-glass ; (2) from detached leaves and pieces of 

 stem, treated in the same way ; (3) from paraphyses ; (4) 

 from the wall of the antheridium ; (5) from cut pieces of 

 the sporogonial seta. 



