384 YEW. 



(3) The reddish-brown scaly bark, which comes off ill 

 thin flakes also connected with the shade-enduring power 

 of Yew. 



(4) The very accommodating character of the tree, 

 which can grow in any position and any soil, and its power 

 (unusual in Conifers) of producing abundant buds, which 

 adapts it so well for hedge-making and for cutting into 

 ornamental shapes. 



(5) The flat, narrow pointed, and spirally arranged 

 leaves, each continuous at the base with a ridge running 

 down the twig. 



(6) The radiating arrangement of the leaves on the 

 erect branches, and their two-rowed arrangement (owing to 

 twisting of the short petioles) on the flanks of the horizon- 

 tal and inclined branches. 



(7) The small resting-buds, scaly but not resinous, 

 arising in the axils of many of the leaves. 



(8) The outgrowth of the buds at the ends of the twigs 

 into branches, arranged chiefly on the flanks of horizontal 

 and inclined shoots. 



(9) The frequent formation of branches from hitherto 

 dormant buds on older parts. 



(10) The dark green upper side and lighter lower side 

 of the leaf, which has a prominent midrib. 



(11) The persistence of the leaves for several years. 



537. Structure of Stem. In sections of the stem, note that 

 though the general arrangement of the tissues is similar to that seen 

 in Pinus, the Yew has no resin-ducts in any part of the plant, 

 and the pericycle is sclerenchymatous. 



538. Structure of Leaf. In transverse sections of the leaf, 

 note (1) the epidermis on the convex upper side of the leaf has no 

 stomata ; (2) there is no hypodermis ; (3) the mesophyll is 

 distinguished into upper palisade tissue and lower spongy 

 tissue ; (4) there is a single central vascular bundle, with xylem 

 above and phloem below ; (5) the epidermis on the concave lower 

 side has numerous stomata. 



539. Structure of Root. In transverse sections of the root, 

 note (1) the diarch xylem plate, with protoxylem at each end ; 

 (2) the phloem groups, one on either side of the xylem plate ; (3) 

 the pericycle, one or two layers deep at the ends of the xylem 



