CONTENTS ix 

 CHAPTER VIII. FRUITS 



PAGE 



I. HORTICULTURAL AND BOTANICAL FRUITS .... 250 



II. FLESHY FRUITS 255 



III. DRY FRUITS 260 



IV. ACCESSORY, AGGREGATE, AND MULTIPLE FRUITS . . . 265 

 FIELD WORK 269 



CHAPTER IX. THE RESPONSE OF THE PLANT TO 

 ITS SURROUNDINGS 



I. ECOLOGICAL FACTORS 271 



II. PLANT ASSOCIATIONS 277 



III. ZONES OF VEGETATION 288 



FIELD WORK 294 



CHAPTER X. CRYPTOGAMS 



I. THEIR PLACE IN NATURE . 296 



II. ALG*: 299 



III. FUNGI 303 



A. BACTERIA 306 



B. YEASTS 314 



C. RUSTS 317 



D. MUSHROOMS 323 



IV. LICHENS 329 



V. LIVERWORTS .......... 334 



VI. MOSSES 341 



VII. FERN PLANTS 344 



VIII. THE RELATION BETWEEN CRYPTOGAMS AND SEED PLANTS . 354 



IX. THE COURSE OF PLANT EVOLUTION 359 



FIELD WORK 362 



APPENDIX 



1. SYSTEMATIC BOTANY . . 364 



2. WEIGHTS, MEASURES, AND TEMPERATURES 367 



