PREFACE V 



rate the value of a complete laboratory equipment, but merely 

 to emphasize the fact that the lack of it, while a disadvantage, 

 need not be an insuperable bar to the successful teaching of 

 botany. It is, of course, taken for granted that in schools pro- 

 vided with a suitable laboratory outfit, teachers will be pre- 

 pared to supplement or to replace the exercises here outlined 

 with such others as in their judgment the subject may demand. 

 There are as many ideals in teaching as 'there are teachers, and 

 the most that a textbook can do is to present a working model 

 which every teacher is free to modify in accordance with his 

 or her own method. 



The writer takes pleasure in acknowledging here the many 

 obligations due to Professor Francis E. Lloyd, of the Botanical 

 Department of the Alabama Polytechnic Institute, at Auburn, 

 Ala., for his valuable aid in the revision of the manuscript, for 

 the highly interesting series of illustrations relating to photo- 

 tropic movements, and for advice and information on points 

 demanding expert knowledge which have contributed very ma- 

 terially to whatever merit this volume may possess. 



Other members of the Auburn faculty to whom the author 

 feels especially indebted are Mr. C. S. Ridge wa}% assistant in the 

 Botanical Department, Professor J. E. Duggar, of the Agricul- 

 tural Department, and Dr. B. B. Ross and Professor C. W. 

 Williamson of the Department of Chemistry. Acknowledg- 

 ments are due also to Professor George Wood of the Boys' High 

 School, Brooklyn, for suggestions which have been of great 

 assistance in the preparation of this work ; to Professor W. R. 

 Dodson, of the University of Louisiana, for illustrative material 

 furnished, and to Professor William Trelease for the loan of 

 original material used in reproducing the beautiful cuts from 

 the Reports of the Missouri Botanical Garden, credit for which 

 is given in the proper place. 



E. F. ANDREWS. 



AUBURN, ALABAMA. 



