FRUITS 265 



only one compartment, the number of carpels can generally 

 be determined by the number of sutures or of placentas. 



Practical Questions 



1. To what class of fruits does each of the following belong rice; 

 beggar-ticks; poppy; peanut; jimson weed; chinquapin; caraway? 



2. Is the coconut, as usually sold in the market, a fruit or a 

 seed? 



Suggestion: carefully examine the "eyes," from without and from 

 within; if you can get a specimen with the husk on, it will help to a 

 decision. 



3. Can you name any syncarpous, or compound capsule, that is single- 

 seeded ? 



4. Can you name any indehiscent fruit that has normally more than 

 one seed ? 



5. Give a reason for the difference. (23.) 



6. Name the weeds of your neighborhood that are most troublesome 

 on account of their adhesive fruits. 



7. Do these fruits belong, as a rule, to the dehiscent or to the indehis- 

 cent class ? 



8. Give a reason for the difference, if any is noted. (23.) 



IV. ACCESSORY, AGGREGATE, AND MULTIPLE FRUITS 



MATERIAL. For autumn and winter, examples of accessory fruits 

 are: pineapple, common apple, pear, rose hip; aggregate: magnolia, 

 tulip tree, wild cucumber, sweet flag (Calamus) ; multiple : osage orange, 

 sweet gum balls, pine cones, figs, fresh or dried. 



For spring and summer, examples of accessory fruits are : raspberry, 

 strawberry, squash, cucumber ; aggregate : strawberry, blackberry, Jack- 

 in-the-pulpit ; multiple: fig, mulberry. Most of those named will be 

 found to belong to more than one class ; the strawberry, for instance, is 

 both accessory and aggregate; the fig and pineapple, accessory and 

 multiple. 



301. Besides the varieties already named, all fruits, 

 whether fleshy or dry, may be simple, accessory, aggre- 

 gate, or collective. Fruits of the first kind need no ex- 

 planation; they consist merely of a single ripened ovary, 



