64 PRACTICAL FLOEICULTUEE. 



with less fuel than would be used by flues. Nor is the 

 heat given out by iron pipes, filled with heated water, any 

 less dry than that given out by a flue which has been heat- 

 ed to the same temperature as the water. The advantage 

 in favor of the water is, however, that its temperature is 

 nearly the same at one end of a house as at the other, while 

 with the flue the furnace end may be heated to a tempera- 

 ture of 300, but where it enters the chimney, it may not 

 be more than 100; hence at the furnace end we get a dry 

 heat, simply for the reason that our heating medium (the 

 bricks) is unavoidably heated to too high a temperature, 

 and to counteract the dryness occasioned thereby, pans of 

 water should be placed upon the flue while firing hard. 



The saddle boiler is the simplest form of boiler, and may 

 be used in connection with a flue, as shown in figure 15, 

 on page 55. 



The great point to be aimed at in the construction of 

 a boiler, is to get the greatest amount of heating surface, 

 directly exposed to and near to a given grate surface. 

 Scores of boilers are in use, all claimed by their respect- 

 ive makers to be nearest to this condition, yet many of 

 them are comparatively worthless, as our experience has 

 rather expensively taught us, as we have thrown out two 

 of them as useless, at great trouble and expense. Without 

 desiring to show a preference to any particular maker, we 

 can only say that an investigation of the subject has led 

 us to use, as the most effective, one of recent introduction, 

 known as "Hitching's Corrugated," figure 20. We have 

 now two of them in use, which together heat 2,500 feet of 

 4-inch pipe, and heat a glass surface of 7,000 square feet, 

 to 60 degrees in the coldest weather. It will be seen by 

 the engraving that the portion exposed to the fire is rib- 

 bed or corrugated, so as to expose a larger surface than 

 if plain. This part of the boiler differs but little from the 

 ordinary saddle boiler, but, as the figure shows, the heat 

 passes around and over the boiler to a smoke pipe in 



