118 FARM FORESTRY 



that start each year in the woodlot, they must be protected and 

 encouraged. 



Where there are no younger trees or seedlings beneath 

 the older trees and no seedlings start in the openings when 

 the trees are removed after waiting a few years, seedlings 

 of trees should be planted. Trees should be grown in the 

 farm nursery for this purpose and they should be of larger 

 size than required for planting in the open. They can be 

 allowed to grow to large size in the nursery, so that when 

 planted out they will soon grow to trees of value. Often 

 young seedlings can be taken from some other portion of the 

 woodlot and planted in the openings. Along the edges of 

 woodlots or around openings there are often many trees grow- 

 ing that will soon begin to crowd each other. Some of these 

 trees can be utilized for this purpose before they die. It 

 is usually necessary to plant trees in the woodlot to keep it 

 well stocked. By planting the trees or the seeds of trees is 

 the only way to obtain trees of valuable kinds. There are 

 many kinds of trees that are far better to grow in woodlots 

 than those many times found growing. 



All the various cultural operations described for other 

 forms of woodlots can be carried out to good effect in the 

 irregular form. Where valuable kinds of trees are planted to 

 fill vacant spaces it may be necessary to cultivate the soil. 

 A thick, heavy sod sometimes grows in such situations. This 

 may deprive the trees set out of moisture and food before 

 they get a good hold on the soil and so they will die. Culti- 

 vating the trees will make them more sure of withstanding 

 the transplanting and will make them grow faster during the 

 first few years so they will keep ahead of the weeds. Clean- 

 ings are often necessary where many trees grow up together. 

 Where inferior trees begin to crowd or overtop more valuable 

 kinds they should be removed or their tops broken to retard 

 their growth. Often sprouts from the stumps of the trees 

 cut where very numerous will interfere with the growth of 



