Arboriculture and Ornamental Planting 263 



spruce, balsam and cedars make the best screens, because 

 they put out limbs close to the ground and retain them as 

 they grow older (Figs. 58, 59). They grow very close 

 together, and form an impenetrable screen. Willow is, 

 of course, the best for quick results, but it is rather short 

 lived and is deciduous. If this species is used, two rows 

 should be planted, and one of them cut back every eight or 

 ten years. This makes them sprout vigorously and keeps 

 the lower limbs thrifty. It is well to plant a row or two of 

 spruce or cedar at the same time. These will make a more 

 permanent evergreen screen. When they have attained 

 sufficient size, the willows may be cut down. 



TRANSPLANTING LARGE TREES 



The methods of planting small seedlings have been dealt 

 with under Sylviculture, but in lawn planting it is often 

 desirable to use fairly good sized trees. The transplanting 

 of these requires much more care and skill. Deciduous 

 trees and conifers require different methods. 



The deciduous trees, or hardwoods, are best transplanted 

 in the early spring before growth has started. They 

 should be taken up with as much of the root system as 

 possible. If all the roots can be kept intact, a very light 

 pruning of the crown is all that is necessary. This, how- 

 ever, can very seldom be done, and when the roots are 

 pruned it is necessary to prune the crown more heavily. 

 A balance must be maintained between the roots and the 

 crown, the advantage always being kept with the former. 

 Probably the safest method is to cut off all the limbs and 

 prune the main stem severely. This, however, is apt to 

 injure the shape of the tree and should be avoided when 



