10 KANUNCULACEJS. (CKOWFOUT FAMILY.) 



14. HELLEBORUS, L. HELLEBORE. 



Sepals 5, rounded, persistent. Petals 8-10, very small, tubular, 2-lipped. 

 Stamens numerous. Follicles 3-10, coriaceous, many-seeded. Perennial 

 herbs, with palmate or pedate leaves, and solitary nodding flowers. 



1. H. viridis, L. Stem 1- 2 high; lowest leaves pedate, long-petioled, 

 the upper palmate and nearly sessile, the divisions lanceolate; sepals oval, 

 green; follicles oblong. N. Carolina (Hi/aws). Introduced. 



15. COPTIS, Salisb. GOLD-THREAD. 



Sepals 5-6, colored, regular, deciduous. Petals 5-6, thickened and 

 hooded at the apex. Stamens numerous. Follicles 3- 10, long-stipitate (as 

 if umbellate), pointed with the hooked style, few-seeded. Perennial smooth 

 herbs, with ternately divided leaves, and 1 - 4 small flowers at the summit of 

 a naked scape. 



1. C. trifolia, Salisb. Scape 4' -6' high, from a slender yellow root- 

 stock, 1 -flowered: leaves persistent, trifoliolate, long-petioled, the leaflets 

 obovate and slightly lobed ; flowers white. Mountains of E. Tennessee ( Gat- 

 tinyer). June. 



16. ZANTHORHIZA, Marshall. YELLOW ROOT. 



Sepals 5, regular, colored, deciduous. Petals 5, small, gland-like, 2-lobed. 

 Stamens 5-10. Ovaries 5- 10, 2-ovuled. Style subulate, incurved, at length 

 dorsal. Follicles sessile. Seed solitary, suspended. A smooth slender 

 shrub, 2 -3 high, with yellow roots. Leaves pinnate, long-petioled, the 

 3-5 ovate leaflets lobed and toothed. Flowers in slender compound racemes, 

 appearing before the leaves, dark purple. 



1. Z. apiifolia, L'Herit. Shady banks, chiefly in the upper districts. 

 March - April. 



17. HYDRASTIS, L. GOLDEN SEAL. 



Sepals 3, ovate, colored, caducous. Petals none. Stamens numerous. 

 Ovaries 12 -20, fleshy, 2-ovuled, ripening into a head of 1-2-seeded crimson 

 berries. Stem 1 high, from a thick knotted rootstock, 2-leaved, 1 -flowered ; 

 leaves palmately 5 - 7 -lobed, toothed and serrate, the lower petioled, the upper 

 sessile under the short-stalked greenish white flower. 



1. H. Canadensls, L. Rich open woods. Mountains of Georgia, and 

 northward. May. 



18. ACTJEA, L. BAXEBERRY. 



Sepals 3-5, ovate, colored, caducous. Petals 4-10, entire. Stamens nu- 

 merous. Ovary solitary, 1 -celled, ripening into a many-seeded berry. Per- 

 ennial herbs. Stem simple, hearing one or two large 2 - 3-ternately compound 

 leaves, and a single oval or oblong raceme of small white flowers. 



1. A. alba, Bigel. (WHITE COHOSII.) Smooth or nearly so, 2 high; 

 leaves mostly 2, long-petioled, the ovate leaflets acutely toothed; raceme 

 long-pednncled, the pedicels in fruit thick and red ; berry white Rocky 

 woods. Mountains of Georgia, and northward. May. 



