192 KUBIACE.E. (MADDER FAMILY.) 



* Annual : fruit dry. 



1. G. Aparine, L. (CLEAVERS.) Annual; stems weak, retrorsely his- 

 pid, 2 -3 long: leaves 6-8 in a whorl, lanceolate, hispid on the margins and 

 midrib; peduncles long, 1 -2-flowered ; fruit bristly. Waste places, spar- 

 ingly introduced. 



2. G. virgatum, Xutt. Low (6' -10' high), simple or branching at the 



base, smooth or hispid; leaves 4 in a whorl, short (4" or 5"), oblong- lam eo- 

 late, hispid-ciliate ; peduncles axillary, short, bracteolate, 1 -flowered; fruit 

 hispid. Barrens of Tennessee (Gattinger), and westward. 



* * Perennial. 

 t- Fruit baccate: peduncles 1 -S-floivered : leaves 4 in a irliorl. 



3. G. hispidulum, Michx. Stems much branched, slightly roughened, 

 hairy at the joints; leaves small (2" -6"), rigid, lanceolate -ovate, rough on 

 the margins and veins beneath, acute ; berry roughened, bluish black, (liubia 

 Browuei, Michx.) Dry sandy soil near the coast. May -Sept. Stems 1- 

 2 long. Root yellow. Flowers greenish white. 



4. G. uniflorum, Michx. Smooth ; stems mostly simple, slender, 

 erect; leaves linear, acute, rough on the margins, punctate beneath; berry 

 smooth, black. Dry rich soil, Florida to South Carolina, and westward. 

 June -July. Stems numerous, 1 high. Flowers white. 



-<- -i- Fruit dry: peduncles commonly 3 - many-flowered. 

 - 1 -*- Fruit hispid. 



5. G. triflorurn, Michx. Stems weak, diffuse, very rough ; leaves 4- fi 

 in a whorl, lanceolate or elliptical, cuspidate, the upper surface and veins be- 

 neath hispid ; peduncles mostly 3-Howered ; fruit densely uncinate-hispid - 

 Low shaded places. Julv. Steins 2 -3 long. Flowers greenish white. A 

 smoother form is G. cuspidatum, Mult/. 



6. G. pilosum, Ait. Stems rigid, hairy or roughened on the angles, 

 branching; leaves small (4" -8"), 4 in a whorl, oval, slightly pointed, more 

 or less hairy and roughened, dotted; peduncles 2-3 times forking; fruit 

 pedicelled, bristly with hooked hairs. Dry soil. June - Sept. Stem 1 - 3 

 long. Flowers purple. 



Var. puncticulosum, Gray. Stem, leaves, etc. smooth or nearly so; 

 fruit often much larger. Dry rich soil, Florida, and northward. 



7. G. circsezans, Michx. Stems erect, smooth or nearly so ; leaves 

 large (!'- H'), 4 in a whorl, oval, mostly obtuse, 3-nerved, pubescent; pedun- 

 cles forking, then spreading and spike like ; fruit bristly with hooked hairs. 

 nearly sessile, nodding. Dry open woods. July. Stems several, sparingly 

 branched, 1 high. Flowers purple. 



** *-* Fruit smooth. 



8. G. trifidum, L. Stems slender, weak, smooth or rough-angled, at 

 length diffuse ; leaves 4 - G in a whorl, unequal, varying from linear to spatu- 

 late-lanceolate, obtuse, smooth, or rough on the margins and midrib, the upper 

 ones often opposite; peduncles 1 -3-flowered ; corolla lobes and stamens often 

 3. Wet places. June -July. Stems 1- 2 long. Flowers white. I'lant 

 dries black. 





