^COMPOSITE FAMILY.) 245 



vided; fruit obovate, 6-toothed around the base of the coiiically beaked apex, 

 clustered. River banks arid rich soil, Florida, and northward. August - 

 Sept. 



43. XANTHIUM, Touru. COCKLEBUK. 



Heads moucecious, spiked ; the upper ones many-flowered, sterile, with the 

 scales of the involucre separate, in a single row ; the receptacle oblong, chaffy, 

 and the short corolla 5-toothed ; the lower ones fertile, consisting of two pistil- 

 late flowers, enclosed in a 2-celled oblong closed involucre, which is armed 

 externally with numerous hooked spines or bristles, and terminated by one or 

 two stout beaks. Corolla filiform. Acheuium oblong, solitary in each cell. 



Coarse annual herbs. Leaves alternate, lobed and petioled. 



1. X. Strumarilim, L. Stem spineless, rough, branched ; leaves large, 

 broadly cordate, 3 - 5-lobed ; the lobes toothed, acute and rough on both sides ; 

 fruit oval, pointed by two straight and smooth beaks. Var. KCHINATUM. 

 Leaves obtuse, less strongly lobed ; the incurved beaks and spines of the larger 

 (!') fruit bristly. Cultivated fields and waste places, common. July -Sept. 



Stem l-4 high, often spotted. 



2. X. spinosum, L. Stem armed witli triple spines, much branched ; 

 leaves lanceolate, entire or 3-lobed, hoary-tomentose beneath; fruit pointed bv 

 a single beak. Waste places around the larger seaports, and sparingly in 

 the interior. Introduced. August - Sept. Stem 2 - 3 high. 



44. ECLIPTA, L. 



Heads many-flowered; the ray flowers short, pistillate, in a single row; 

 those of the disk tubular, 4-toothed, perfect. Scales of the involucre 10-12, 

 in 2 rows. Receptacle flat, with bristly chaff. Achenia 3-4-augled, hairy at 

 the apex Pappus none. Rough branching annuals, with opposite lanceo- 

 late leaves. Heads small, axillary, on peduncles of varying length. Flowers 

 white. 



1- E. alba, Hasskarl. Stem erect or diffuse, terete, tumid below the 

 joints, sprinkled, like the leaves, with appressed rigid hairs ; leaves oblong- 

 lanceolate, acute, serrate, sessile, or narrowed into a petiole ; peduncles single 

 or 2 - 3 together. Wet places. Sept. -Oct. Stem 6' - 3 long. 



45. BORRICHIA, Adans. 



Heads many-flowered ; ray flowers pistillate, in a single row ; those of the 

 disk tubular, 5-toothed, perfect. Scales of the hemispherical involucre imbri- 

 cated ; the exterior ones leafy. Receptacle flat, with rigid persistent chaff. 

 Achenia somewhat wedge-shaped, 3 - 4-angled. Pappus a 3 - 4-toothed border. 



Fleshy maritime shrubs. Leaves opposite and slightly connate. Heads 

 solitary, peduncled. Flowers yellow. 



1. B. arborescens, DC. Smooth, or the young branches pubescent; 

 leaves spatulate-lanceolate, abruptly pointed, entire ; scales of the involucre 

 as long as the disk ; the inner ones and chaff of the receptacle obtuse. 

 Sojtfh i>rida. Dec. Shrub 5 - 1 high. 



