COMPOSITE. (COMPOSITE FAMILY.) 



52. ECHINACEA, Moench. 



Heads many-flowered ; the ray flowers pistillate, but sterile, drouoiup: ; those 

 of the disk tubular and perfect. Scales of the involucre lanceolate, in three 

 or more rows, spreading. Receptacle at length conical. Chaff of the recep- 

 tacle rigid, spine-pointed, longer than the disk flowers. Acheuia short, 

 4-sided, crowned with a cup-shaped toothed pappus. Perennial sparingly 

 branched herbs, with alternate undivided 3-5-ribbed leaves, and large heads 

 terminating the peduncle-like summit of the stem or branches. Rays purple 

 or white. 



1. E. purpurea, Ma-uch. Stem simple, or with peduncle-like brandies, 

 smooth or hairy; leaves ovate- lanceolate, serrate, rough; the lowest ones 

 ovate, on long petioles; scales of the involucre imbricated in 3-5 rows, 

 ciliate ; rays about 12, lanceolate, purple. Varies with the stem and leaves 

 smooth ; rays strap shaped, white. Rich woods in the upper districts. June - 

 August. Stem 2 - 5 high. Rays 2' - 3' long. 



2. E. angUStifolia, DC. Hirsute; stem simple ; leaves lanceolate, en- 

 tire, 3-ribbed ; the lowest tapering into a long petiole ; scales of the involucre 

 imbricated in 2-3 rows; rays 12-15, narrow, pale purple. Prairies and 

 rocky woods in the upper districts. May -July. Stem 1- 2 high. Lowest 

 leaves 6' long. 



53. RUDBECKIA, L. 



Heads many-flowered ; the ray flowers neutral ; those of the disk tubular, 

 perfect. Scales of the involucre in about two rows, leafy, spreading. Re- 

 ceptacle conical or cylindrical ; the chaff not rigid, and mostly shorter than 

 the disk flowers. Achenia smooth, angled, truncated. Pappus a narrow 

 border, or none. Chiefly perennial herbs, with alternate entire or lobed 

 leaves, and showy heads terminating the stem or branches. Rays mostly 

 yellow. Disk dark purple or yellowish. 



1. Achenia quadrangular: chaff nf the receptacle persistent. 



* Disk orate or globose, 

 Leaves undivided : stem simple or sparingly branched. 



-t-- Lenres linear, 3-r!bbrd, entire. 



1 . R. atrorubens, Nutt. Smooth, or strigose : stem simple, 2 high ; 

 leaves rigid, 4'- 6' long, the lower clustered, the upper small and distant; 

 head globose or ovate, solitarv ; ravs wedge-shaped, deep crimson, shorter 

 than the dark purple disk; pappus 4-toothed. Margins of pine barren 

 ponds. Georgia and Florida. June -July. 



2. B. bupleuroides, Shnttlw. Smooth throughout; stem slender, 

 branching; leaves 6'- 12' long, thin, the lower long-petioled, the upper dis- 

 tant; heads globose; rays linear, yellow, longer than the (Lark brown disk ; 

 pnppus cup-shaped. With the last. June - July. Stem 2 - 3 high. 



w- *H- Leaves brand, re in / , r<n/s >;el/oir. 



3 R. hirta, L. Hirsute ; stem and branches naked at the summit ; 

 leaves lanceolate or oblong, serrate, the upper sessile, the lowest narrowed 



