262 COMPOSITE. (COMPOSITE FAMILY.) 



70. GAILLARDIA, Foug. 



Heads many-flowered ; the rays neutral, deciduous. Scales of the involucre 

 in 3 rows, spreading above. Receptacle convex, uaked or rimbrillate. Rays 

 wedge shaped, palinately 3-lobed. Corolla of the disk with subulate lobes. 

 Achenia top-shaped, hairy. Pappus of 6- 10 membranaceous 1 -nerved awiied 

 scales. Pubescent branching herbs, with alternate leaves, and solitary heads 

 of yellow or purple flowers terminating the branches. 



1 . G. lanceolata, Michx. Stem (1- 2) with long and slender branches ; 

 leaves narrow-lanceolate, mostly entire, sessile, the lowest narrowed at the 

 base ; rays yellow, sometimes wanting ; disk flowers purple ; receptacle naked ; 

 scales of the pappus 7-9. Dry pine barrens, Florida to South Carolina. 

 July - Sept. 



71. HELENIUM, L. 



Heads many-flowered, radiate ; the rays wedge-shaped, 3 - 5-cleft. Scales 

 of the involucre in 2 rows; the outer ones spreading, the inner fewer and 

 chaffy. Receptacle naked, convex, globose, or oblong. Corolla of the disk 

 4-5-toothed. Achenia top-shaped, furrowed, hairy. Pappus of 5-8 mem- 

 branaceous pointed or awned scales. Erect herbs, with the stem often 

 winged by the alternate decurrent leaves. Heads terminal. Flowers mostly 

 yellow. 



1. Rays pistillate : stems branching ; heads few or many, 



1. H. autumnale, L. Perennial, smooth or minutely pubescent; leaves 

 lanceolate or oblong, serrate, strongly decurrent ; scales of the involucre 

 linear-subulate; scales of the pappus ovate-lanceolate, denticulate, awn- 

 pointed ; rays fertile, 3 - 5 cleft, longer than the disk. Damp soil. Aug. - 

 Sept. Stem 2- 4 high. Achenia hairs . 



2. H. parviflorum, Xutt. Perennial, smooth ; leaves lanceolate or 

 oblong-lanceolate, sparingly serrulate, scarcely decurrent ; scales of the in- 

 volucre filiform ; rays sterile, 3-cleft, narrow; achenia smooth ; pappus awned. 

 Georgia, Nuttail. Heads smaller than the last, globose 



3. H. tenuifolium, Xutt. Annual, smooth; stem slender, very leafy; 

 leaves narrow-linear, entire ; heads globose, on long and slender peduncles ; 

 scales of the involucre subulate; scales of the pappus ovate, entire, abruptly 

 awned; achenia villous Road-sides and waste ground. Sept. Stem 1- 

 2 high. Branches erect. 



4. H. quadridentatum, Labill. Annual, smoothish ; lowest leaves 

 oblong, pinnatifid ; the upper ones lanceolate, entire ; rays shorter than the 

 oblong disk ; scales of the pappus roundish, obtuse. River banks and damp 

 soil, Xorth Carolina, and westward. Stem much branched, l-3 high. 



5. H. nudiflorum, Xutt. Perennial, stem pubescent ; leaves lanceo- 

 late, entire or nearly so, decurrent ; heads globose, dark purple ; scales of the 

 pappus ovate, slightly denticulate, abruptly awn pointed : achenia hairy on 

 the angles. River banks, Florida to North Carolina. May - June. Stem 

 1 -2 hiirh. 



