VEKBENACE^E. (VERVAIN FAMILY.) 367 



ORDER 101. VEKBENACE^E. (VERVAIN FAMILY.) 



Chiefly herbs or shrubs, with 4-angled mostly rough stems, 

 and opposite and exstipulate leaves. Flowers spiked, capitate, or 

 cyniose. Calyx 4-5-cleft or parted, free. Corolla regular and 

 salver-shaped, or more or less bilabiate, 4-o-lobed. Stamens 4-5, 

 inserted on the tube of the corolla : anthers 2-celled. Ovary entire, 

 1-8-celled, with 1 or (in Avicennia) 2 ovules in each cell. Style 

 simple, terminal. Fruit dry or baccate, 1 - 8-celled, commonly sep- 

 arable into as many 1-seeded indehiscent nutlets. Albumen scarce 

 or none. Embryo straight. 



Synopsis. 



TRIBE I. VERBENE^E. Ovule solitary, erect from the base of the cell, anatropous. 

 Radicle pointing downward. Flowers in spikes or heads. 



* Herbs. Fruit dry. 



1. PRIVA. Stamens 4. Fruit of two nutlets, enclosed in the inflated calyx. 



2. VERBENA. Stamens 4. Fruit of four nutlets. Fruiting calyx not inflated. 



3. STACHYTARPHA. Stamens 2. Fruit of two nutlets, embedded in excavations of 



the thickened rachis. 



4. LIPPIA. Stamens 4. Fruit of two nutlets. Flowers capitate. 



* * Shrubs. Fruit fleshy or pulpy. 



5. LANTANA. Fruit of two nutlets. Flowers capitate. 



6. CITHAREXYLUM. Fruit of two nutlets surrounded by the cup-shaped calyx. Flow- 



ers spiked. 



7. DURANTA. Fruit of four nutlets enclosed in the beaked calyx. 



TRIBE II. VITEvE. Ovule solitary, suspended from the inner angle of the cell, 

 amphitropous. Radical pointing downward. Flowers in cymes. Fruit baccate. 



8. CALLICARPA. Fruit of four nutlets. Shrubs. 



TRIBE III. AVICENNIJE. Ovules by pairs, suspended from the apex of the cell, 

 amphitropous. Radicle pointing downward. Flowers in imbricated spikes or heads. 

 Fruit capsular. 



9. AVICENNIA. Embryo large, germinating within the capsule. Trees. 



TRIBE IV. PHRYMEJE. Ovule solitary, erect from the base of the 1-celled ovary, 

 orthotropous. Radicle pointing upward. Cotyledons convolute around their axis. 

 Flowers in elongated slender spikes. Fruit a caryopsis. 



10. PHRYMA. Corolla bilabiate. Stamens 4, didynamous. Fruit reflexed. 



1. PRIVA, Adans. 



Calyx tubular, 5-toothed. Corolla salver-shaped, 5-cleft. Stamens 4, di- 

 dynamous, included. Ovary 4-celled. Style persistent. Fruit dry, separating 

 into two 2-celled spiny-angled nutlets, and included in the inflated membrana- 

 ceous calyx. Perennial herbs, with serrate petioled undivided leaves, and 

 minute flowers in a loose slender spike. 



1. P. echinata, -Tuss. Smooth or hispid ; stem branching; leaves cor- 

 date-ovate, acute, coarsely serrate ; flowers alternate ; fruiting calyx bristly 



