444 CUPULIFER.E. (OAK FAMILY.) 



2. Q. imbricaria, Michx. (SHINGLE OAK.) Leaves lanceolate-oblong, 

 acute or obtuse at each end, mucronate, pale and downy beneath, deciduous ; 

 fruit middle-sized ; cup narrowed at the base, enclosing one half or one third 

 of the nearly hemispherical nut, the broad and whitish scales closely ap- 

 pressed. Mountains of North Carolina. A tree 40 -50 high. Leaves 

 3' -5' long. 



3. Q. cinerea, Michx. (HIGH-GROUND WILLOW OAK.) Leaves peren- 

 nial, oblong-lanceolate, obtuse or acute, mucronate, white tomentose beneath ; 

 fruit small, sessile ; cup shallow, narrowed at the base, pale, enclosing one 

 third of the hemispherical nut. Dry sandy pine barrens. A small tree, 

 fruiting abundantly. Leaves 2' -3' long, scurfy, like the branchlets, when 

 young. 



w- ** Leaves dilated upward, mostly 3-lobed at the top. 



4. Q. aquatica, Catesb. (WATER OAK.) Leaves perennial, short-peti- 

 oled, obovate-oblong or wedge-shaped, smooth on both sides, obtusely 3-lobed 

 at the summit, often entire, or on young shoots pinnatifid-toothed or lobed, 

 mostly awnless when old ; fruit small, mostly sessile ; cup shallow, flat, en- 

 closing the base of the hemispherical downy nut. Swamps and wet banks. 

 A small tree, witli smooth bark. Leaves 2' -3' long, with tufts of down ic 

 the axils of the veins when young. 



5. Q. nigra, L. (BLACK JACK.) Leaves short-petioled, coriaceous, 

 broadly wedge-shaped, rounded at the base, mostly 3-lobed at the summit, 

 bristle-awned, smooth above, rusty-pubescent beneath, deciduous ; fruit middle- 

 sized, on short and thick peduncles ; cup top-shaped, with coarse truncate 

 scales, enclosing one third or one half of the oblong-ovate nut. Dry gravelly 

 or sandy soil. A small tree. Leaves 4' - 9' long. Intermediate forms be- 

 tween this and No. 7 are not uncommon. 



w. *-* -M. Leaves sinuate-pinnat(fid, bristle-awned. 

 = Leaves smooth or nearly so. 



6. Q. Catesbsei, Michx. (TURKEY OAK.) Leaves somewhat coria- 

 ceous, broad, narrowed into a short petiole, deeply piunatifid ; the lobes very 

 acute from a broad base, spreading, mostly falcate and entire ; fruit rather 

 large, short-peduncled ; cup thick, turbinate, witli broad obtuse scales, enclos- 

 ing half of the ovoid nut; the upper scales iuflexed and lining the inner edge 

 of the cup. Dry pine barrens. A small tree. Leaves 6' - 9' long. 



7. Q. coccinea, Wang. (SCARLET OAK.) Leaves long-petioled, oval 

 or oblong, with deep and broad sinuses, and 6-8 entire or sparingly toothed 

 lobes, truncate at the base, smooth and shining on botli sides; cup top-shaped, 

 with coarse scales, enclosing one half or one third of the ovoid nut. Drv 

 woods ; more abundant in the upper districts. Leaves turning bright scarlet 

 after frost. 



Var. tinctoria, Gray. (BLACK OAK.) Leaves obovate-oblong, with 

 deep or shallow open sinuses, and about 6 sharply-toothed lobes, obtuse or 

 truncate at the base, pubescent when young, at length only in the axils of the 

 veins beneath ; cup top-shaped, with broad scales, enclosing about half of the 



