458 CONIFEKJE. (FINE FAMILY.) 



oblong, with the few scales smooth and entire. High mountains of North 

 Carolina. A large tree, with the horizontal branches gradually diminishing 

 upward, forming a pyramidal spire. Leaves y long. Cones 8" - 9" long. 



"2. T. Caroliniana, Engelm. Leaves larger than in the preceding, 6"- 

 8" long, deeper green, and more glossy, notched at the tip , cones larger 

 (12"- 14" long), the oblong scales widely spreading at maturity. Mountains 

 of North and South Carolina. A small tree. 



4. PICEA, Link. SPRUCE. 



Cone drooping, the scales persistent. Seed at length free from the wing. 

 Sterile ameuts axillary, sessile. Anthers opening lengthwise, crested at the 

 tip. Leaves 4-angled, not distichous. 



1. P. nigra, Link. (BLACK SPRUCE.) Leaves scattered on all sides of 

 the branches, needle-shaped, 4-sided, erect, dark green ; cone ovate or ovate- 

 obloiig ; the scales with a thin wavy or denticulate margin. High mountains 

 of North Carolina, and northward. A tall but slender tree. Leaves V long, 

 rigid. Cones 1'- 1^' long. 



2. P. alba, Link. (WHITE SPRUCE.) Leaves inserted on all sides of 

 the brandies, needle-shaped, 4-sided, incurved, light green ; cones oblong- 

 cylindrical, with the scales entire. High mountains of North Carolina, and 

 northward. A small tree, with more slender and less crowded leaves than 

 those of the preceding. Cones l'-2' long. 



5. JUNIPERUS, L. JUNIPER. 



Flowers mostly dioecious. Aments lateral and terminal, small, few-flowered. 

 Stamens several : anther-cells 3-6, inserted beneath the peltate scale, opening 

 lengthwise. Carpellary scales 3-6, 1 -3-ovuled, partly united, fleshy, and 

 forming in fruit a berry-like drupe containing 1-3 erect bony seeds. Cotyle- 

 dons 2, oblong. Trees, with subulate or scale-like persistent leaves. 



1. J. Virginiana, L. (RED CEDAR.) Brandies terete ; leaves opposite 

 or by threes, minute, rhombic-ovate, closely imbricated, depressed on the 

 back ; those on young shoots subulate and spreading ; drupes small, blue, 1-2- 

 seeded. Dry, rocky, or even wet soil, Florida, and northward. March. 

 A small tree, with reddish, fine-grained, durable, and odorous wood, and 

 spreading branches. Leaves dark green. 



2. J. communis, L. (COMMON JUNIPER.) Shrubby, widely spreading; 

 leaves 3 in a whorl, spreading, linear-lanceolate, white on the upper surface, 

 the margins involute ; drupes large. Aiken, South Carolina (Rauenel), and 

 northward. 



6. CHAMJECYPARIS, Spach. CYPRESS. 



Flowers monoecious. Aments terminal, few-flowered. Anther cells 2-4, 

 inserted under the lower edge of the peltate scale, opening lengthwise. Car- 

 pellary scales peltate, bearing several erect ovules on their stalks, becoming 

 woody in fruit, and forming a globular dehiscent cone. Seeds winged at each 

 end. Cot vledons 2-3, obtuse. Trees, with minute imbricated 



