44 PINACEAE 



Sierra Nevada and Coast Ranges, arid situations with barren or rocky soil, 

 chiefly between 1,500 and 3,000 feet, widely distributed but the localities com- 

 paratively few and rarely abundant in a locality except in Siskiyou and Del 

 Norte cos. and southwestern Oregon. Ranges southward to San Bernardino 

 and San Jacinto mts. Fire type of pine, the cones remaining closed 15 to 30 

 years, or until opened by a forest fire when the species reproduces itself 

 abundantly on the burned area. The following stations may be noted : Devils 

 Backbone, near Trinity Summit; Bartlett Mt. ; near Mt. Konokti ; Mt. St. 

 Helena ; Moraga Ridge ; near Post Summit, Santa Lucia Mts. ; Kinsley, Mari- 

 posa Co.; Forest Hill; Fall River; Mt. Shasta. (Type loc. Santa Cruz Mts., 

 Theo. Hartweg.) 



Refs. PINUS TUBERCULATA Gordon, Jour. Hort. Soc. Lond. vol. 4, p. 218, t. (1849), not Don. 

 P. attenuata Lemmon, Min. Sci. Press, vol. 64, p. 45 (1892), Erythea, vol. 1, p. 231 

 (1893) ; Jepson, Fl. W. Mid. Cal. p. 22 (1901) ; Merriam, Biol. Sur. Mt. Shasta, p. 33 (1899). 



2. TSUGA Carr. HEMLOCK. 



Slender trees with nodding leading shoots. Leaves linear; resin canal 1; 

 petioles jointed on a woody base which persists after leaf-fall as a decurrent 

 projection roughening the branchlet. Staminate catkins pendulous, consisting 

 of a subglobose cluster of stamens on a long peduncle arising from an axillary 

 winter bud. Anthers subglobose, tipped with a short spur or knob, their cells 

 opening transversely. Ovulate catkins erect, from terminal winter buds. 

 Cones maturing in the first autumn, solitary on ends of branchlets, pendent; 

 scales thin, longer than the bracts. Seeds with resin vesicles on the surface ; 

 cotyledons 3 to 6. Seven species, 2 in eastern North America, 2 in western 

 North America, 2 in Japan and 1 in the Himalayas. (Tsuga, its Japanese 

 name.) 



Leaves in flat sprays; cones y 2 to 1 inch long 1. T. heterophylla. 



Leaves spreading around stem; cones 1% to 3 inches long 2. T. mertensiana. 



1. T. heterophylla Sarg. COAST HEMLOCK. Graceful conifer, 100 to 180 

 feet high, with trunk 1 to 4 feet in diameter, the branches and branchlets slen- 

 der, forming sprays which droop cascade-wise but not pendulous; trunk bark 

 brown on the surface, dark red inside, shallowly fissured longitudinally or 

 nearly smooth, y 2 to % inch thick, or sometimes twice as thick and deeply 

 broken into small oblong plates an inch high, producing an irregularly warty 

 appearance; branchlets finely hairy with the leaves mostly spreading in 2 

 ranks; leaves linear, flat, 3 to 8 lines long, y 2 to 1 line wide, blunt at apex, 

 upper side green and with a median furrow, lower side white and with a 

 median ridge, contracted at base into a short but distinct petiole; staminate 

 catkins subglobose, about 2 lines long, borne on thread-like peduncles 2 or 3 

 lines long, occurring at the ends of branchlets; cones oblong or conical when 

 closed, roundish when open, y 2 to % or 1 inch long, pendulous and solitary on 

 the tips of the branchlets; scales longer than broad, roundish at apex, with 

 entire edge ; bracts about one-sixth the length of the scales, broadly triangular 

 with truncate or obtuse summits; seeds light-brown, l 1 ^ line long, the w r ing 

 3 or 4 lines long and twice the breadth of the seed. 



West slope of the outer Coast Range from Elk Creek, Mendocino Co., north 

 to Oregon and Alaska, and eastward to western Montana. Scattered singly 

 through the Redwood forest, abundant beyond our borders. Long attributed 

 to Marin Co. but no definite station ever given and believed not to exist in 

 that county. Also called "Western Hemlock." 



