46 PINACEAE 



wide, whitened and flat above but with a median ridge, convex or strongly 

 ridged below, very stiff and usually tapering to a prickly point or the upper 

 leaves less sharp or bluntly pointed ; staminate catkins purple, 1 to 2y 2 inches 

 long and 3 to 6 lines in diameter, borne on a peduncle 2 or 3 lines long, appear- 

 ing from large conspicuously scaly winter buds which are either terminal or 

 lateral on the branches; ovulate catkins erect or curving upwards, 1 1 A to 1% 

 inches long, yellowish green, the bracts longer than the scale; cones dull 

 brown, long oblong, 2 to 4 inches long and when open I 1 /! to iy 2 inches in 

 diameter; scales narrow, finely and irregularly toothed, with ovate-lanceolate 

 bracts y to % as long; seeds 1% lines long, the wing 3 to 4 lines long and 

 iy 2 to 2 lines broad. 



Lowlands facing the ocean from Caspar, Mendocino Co., northward to 

 Alaska. Forms pure forests on low moist flats as at Crescent City, or about 

 the mouth of the Eel River where the tall wind-beaten trees are a striking feat- 

 ure of the scenery. The tallest trees of this species in California occur in the 

 western margin of the Redwood Belt in Del Norte Co. (W.L.J. no. 2905), 

 where the trunks, as also northward, are enormously buttressed at base ; trunks 

 2 to 6 feet in diameter at 6 feet above the ground are nearly twice that 

 diameter at the ground. Extensively lumbered. In cultivation called Sitka 



Spruce and, formerly. Menzies Spruce. 



Refs. PICEA SITCHENSIS Carriere, Traite Conif. p. 260 (1855). Pinus sitchensis Bongard, 

 Veg. Sitcha, p. 164 (1833), type loc. Sitka, Dr. Mertens. Abies menziesii Lindley, Penny Cycl. 

 vol. 1, p. 32 (1833) ; Newberry, Pac. E. Rep. vol. 6, pt. 3, pp. 56, 90, f. 21, pi. 9 (1857). 



P. ENGELMANNI Engelm. Engelmann Spruce. Branchlets pubescent; cones 

 2,y 2 to 3 inches long, 1% inches in diameter when open, scales broad. Rocky 

 Mts. to Arizona and Washington; also near California boundary on Ashland 

 Butte, Oregon, W.L.J. no. 2573. 



2. P. breweriana Wats. WEEPING SPRUCE. Singular subalpine tree 20 to 

 95 feet high; branches clothing the trunk to the ground, few and mainly hori- 

 zontal, especially in the top, ornamented with cord-like branchlets hanging 

 straight down and thus giving a formal effect to the stiffish and very thin 

 crown; trunk % to 3% feet in diameter, its bark thin (y 2 inch thick), whitish 

 and smoothish on the surface but presenting shallowly concave scars from 

 which have fallen thick scales of irregular shape, mostly 1 to 4 inches long 

 and half as wide ; inner bark white, outer bark red-brown ; leaves borne all 

 round the stem, y 2 to 1 inch long, roundish and green below, whitish above on 

 either side the conspicuous median ridge, obtuse at apex; staminate catkins 

 yellow-brown, 1 inch long; ovulate catkins dark purple, 1*4 inches long, with 

 the sides of the scales towards the apex turned up in such a way that the 

 surface of the catkin presents rhomboidal areas; bracts appressed, with finely 

 toothed edges; cones narrowly cylindrical, 3 1 / to 4y inches long, H/4 to l 1 /^ 

 inches in diameter; scales rounded at apex, very thick for a spruce and with 

 smooth entire edges; bracts oblong, acute, y 5 to 14 as long as the scales; seeds 

 1% lines long, the wing 4 lines long. 



Local subalpine species, favoring cup-like hollows at head of north canons 

 where the snow-drifts persist until July or later. It ranges from northern 

 Trinity to the western side of Marble Mt. (W.L.J. no. 2847), eastern slope 

 of the Klamath Range (W.L.J. no. 2890), through the Siskiyous, northward 

 to the high mountains south of Rogue River and westward to the Oregon 



