CUPRESSACEAE 57 



CUPRESSACEAE. CYPRESS FAMILY. 



Trees or shrubs with opposite or whorled scale-like (or rarely linear) leaves 

 thickly clothing the ultimate branchlets. Stamens and ovules in separate cat- 

 kins terminal on the branchlets. Staminate catkins small, with shield-like 

 stamens bearing 2 to 6 pollen-sacs. Ovulate catkins consisting of several 

 opposite or whorled scales which bear at base 1 to several erect ovules. Cones 

 dry or berry-like, of few scales; "scales" consisting (morphologically) of a 

 completely blended scale and bract. Nine genera, widely distributed over the 

 earth. Thujopsis (Japanese Arborvitae) is in cultivation with us. 



Bibliog. Hooker, J. D., Monterey Cypress (Gard. Chron. 1885, p. 176, fig.). Masters, M. T., 

 A General View of the Genus Cupressus (Jour. Linn. Soe. vol. 31, p. 312, 1896). 

 Fruit a woody cone; stamens and ovules on same tree. 



Branchlets flattened, disposed in flat sprays; leaves opposite, in 4 rows, the successive 



pairs unlike; cones maturing in first autumn; seeds 2 to each scale. 

 Scales *f cones imbricated. 



Cones pendent, scales 6, only the middle pair seed-bearing; seeds unequally 



2-winged 1. LIBOCEDRUS. 



Cones reflexed, scales 8 to 12, the 2 or 3 middle pair seed-bearing; seeds equally 



winged 2. THUJA. 



Scales of cones peltate; seeds narrowly winged 3. CHAMAECYPARIS. 



Branchlets cord-like, not in flat sprays; leaves opposite, in 4 rows, alike; cones maturing 



in second autumn; seeds acutely margined, many to each scale. .. .4. CUPRESSUS. 



Fruit a berry; seeds 1 to 3 to each fruit; stamens and ovules on different trees; branchlets 



cord-like; leaves in whorls of 3 or opposite 5. JUNIPERUS. 



1. LIBOCEDRUS Endl. INCENSE CEDAR. 



Aromatic trees with flattened branchlets disposed in one plane. Leaves 

 scale-like, opposite, imbricated in 4 rows, the successive pairs unlike. Stam- 

 inate and ovulate catkins terminal on separate branchlets. Staminate catkins 

 with 12 to 16 decussately opposite stamens, each bearing 4 to 6 pollen-sacs. 

 Ovulate catkins consisting of 6 scales with 2 ovules at the base of each. Cone 

 maturing in one season, oblong, composed of 6 imbricated oblong scales, only 

 the middle pair fertile. Seeds unequally 2-winged ; cotyledons 2. Eight 

 species, 1 on the Pacific Coast of North America, 2 in Chile and 5 in the region 

 from southwestern China to New Zealand. (Libas, a drop of resin and 

 Cedrus, cedar.) 



1. L. decurrens Torr. INCENSE CEDAR. Forest tree 50 to 150 feet high 

 with the strongly conical trunk very thick at base (1 to 6 feet in diameter) 

 and gradually diminishing in size upwards; bark thick, red-brown, loose and 

 fibrous, in age broken into prominent heavy longitudinal furrows; ultimate 

 branchlets alternate, numerous, forming flattish sprays and clothed with 

 adherent leaves as if jointed; leaves 1 to 4 lines long, in four ranks and in 

 opposite pairs, coherent, adherent to the stem and free only at tips, those above 

 and below obtuse but minutely pointed and forming a pair overlapped by 

 the keel-shaped lateral pair ; staminate catkins 1% to 2 lines long, the pollen- 

 sacs usually 5 to each scale which ends in a broad roundish crest; ovulate 

 catkins borne singly at the ends of branchlets; cones red-brown, oblong-ovate 

 when closed, % to 1 inch long, consisting of 2 seed-bearing scales with 3 (ap- 

 parently 1) sterile scales between them and often with 2 supplementary ones 

 at base ; seed-bearing scales broad and flattish but not thin ; all the scales with 

 a small triangular umbo at tip ; seeds 4 lines long, margined on each side from 



