58 CUPRESSACEAE 



near the base to the apex by two very unequal wings; larger wing elliptical 

 in outline and nearly as long as the scale. 



Mountain slopes, caiions and plateaus, Sierra Nevada and Coast Ranges, 

 northward in the Oregon Cascades to Mt. Hood, southward to all the higher 

 ranges of Southern California and into Lower California. Attains its best 

 development in the Sierra Nevada where it nourishes chiefly between 3,500 

 and 7,000 feet and is one of the four most abundant timber trees (Cf. descrip- 

 tion Yellow Pine). In the South Coast Ranges it occurs on the San Rafael, 

 San Carlos and Santa Lucia ranges, but is not known from the Gabilan, Mt. 

 Hamilton, Mt. Diablo and Santa Cruz ranges. In the North Coast Ranges it 

 is found on Marble Mt. and Trinity Summit and from Weaverville southward 

 along the Yollo Bolly and Mayacamas ranges as far as the neighborhood of 

 Mt. St. Helena. Reproduces itself aggressively. Wood aromatic, reddish 

 brown, close-grained, exceedingly durable. Also called Post Cedar, Red 

 Cedar, White Cedar and Bastard Cedar. 



Befs. LIBOCEDRUS DECURRENS Torrey, PI. Frem. p. 7, pi. 3 (1853), type loc. headwaters of 

 the Sacramento Eiver, Fremont; Jepson, Fl. W. Mid. Gal. p. 24 (1901). 



2. THUYA L. ARBOB-VITAE. 



Aromatic trees with scattered branches, the flattened branchlets disposed in 

 one plane. Leaves scale-like, opposite, and imbricated in 4 rows, the successive 

 pairs unlike, adnate with free tips. Catkins terminal. Staminate catkins with 

 4 to 6 stamens, each with 3 or 4 anther-cells under the subpeltate crests. Ovu- 

 late catkins with 8 to 12 erect scales, each with 2 erect ovules at base. Cones 

 small, maturing the first autumn, reflexed ; scales 8 to 12, thin-leathery, the 

 lowest and uppermost pairs sterile. Seeds bordered by nearly equal lateral 

 wings so as to be nearly round, their coats with minute resin-cells ; cotyledons 

 2. Four species, 2 in North America, and 2 in China and Japan. (Ancient 

 Greek name for a resinous tree.) 



1. T. plicata Don. CANOE CEDAR. Giant tree 80 to 190 feet high, of 

 pyramidal outline, slender branches, drooping sprays and whip-like often 

 nodding leader; trunk 3 to 16 feet in diameter at the ground but tapering 

 rapidly above the base; bark cinnamon-red; branchlets repeatedly 2-ranked, 

 forming flat sprays, thickly clothed with leaves which conceal the stem ; leaves 

 minute, in opposite pairs and of 2 kinds, those on the margin of the flat sprays 

 keeled and acute at tip, those above and below flattish and triangular at 

 apex; cones borne on short lateral branchlets, on opening turned downward 

 beneath the spray, cinnamon color, oblong in outline when closed, % inch 

 long; scales 9, the outer ones oblong or obovate, and much broader than the 

 narrow, inner ones; seeds winged all around and with a narrow notch at 

 apex, the whole structure 3 lines long. 



Outer Coast Range from the Bear River Mts. of Humboldt Co. northward 

 along the coast of Oregon and Washington to southeastern Alaska, eastward 

 to the Cascades, northern Idaho and Montana. Long attributed to Mendocino 

 Co., but no exact station on record. Trees occur sparingly in California, and 

 only 50 to 80 feet high. Wood aromatic, light, soft, remarkably durable, ex- 

 tensively manufactured into shingles. The northern coast Indians hewed their 

 long war canoes out of a single log, wove the fibrous bark into clothing and 

 made dwellings and household utensils out of the wood. Also called Oregon 

 or Red Cedar. 



