62 CUPRESSACEAE 



stamens, each with 2 to 6 pollen-sacs. Ovulate catkins of 3 to 6 succulent 

 coalescent scales, each bearing 1 or 2 ovules. Cones fleshy and berry-like, 

 ripening the second year, in ours 1 to 3-seeded; cotyledons 2 to 6. Northern 

 hemisphere, about 30 species. (Ancient Latin name.) 

 Catkins axillary; leaves linear-subulate, spreading, white-glaucous above; subalpine shrub. 



1. J. communis. 



Catkins terminal on short branchlets; leaves scale-like, closely appressed to the branchlets, in 



whorls of 3 or opposite. 

 Berries reddish brown, oblong; cotyledons 4 to 6; medium altitudes, chiefly Coast Ranges. 



2. J. californica. 



Berries blue-black, globose or subglobose. 



Cotyledons 4 to 6 ; desert ranges 3. J. utahensis. 



Cotyledons 2 ; high Sierras 4. J. occidentalis. 



1. J. communis L. DWARF JUNIPER. Low or prostrate alpine shrub, 1 

 foot high or less, forming patches a few feet in diameter; leaves rigid, linear 

 or lanceolate, acute, cuspidate, 3 to 6 lines long, 3 (rarely 2) at a node with 

 very short internodes, spreading or ascending, green below, white-glaucous 

 above ; staminate catkins iy 2 to 2*4 lines long, their scales broad and abruptly 

 contracted into a short subulate point; berries globose, bright blue, covered 

 with white bloom, l 1 /^ to 2% lines long. 



Sierra Nevada, 8,000 to 10,000 feet, from Mono Pass north to Mt. Shasta, 

 and west to Trinity Co. Widely distributed in the United States in the high 

 mountains, ranging far north to Alaska and Greenland, and in the Old World. 



Ref. JUNIPERUS COMMUNIS Linnajus, Sp. PI. 1040 (1753). 



2. J. californica Carr. CALIFORNIA JUNIPER. Usually a shrub, much- 

 branched from the base, 2 to 20 feet high, or occasionally a tree 40 feet in 

 height; bark brown or ashen gray, the thin outer layers becoming at length 

 very loose and shreddy; leaves in 3s, ovate, acute, each with a dorsal pit 

 towards the base, crowded on the ultimate branchlets or occasionally free and 

 subulate, % to 1 line long ; ovulate catkins consisting of 4 to 6 scales ; berries 

 reddish or brownish, almost smooth or roughened with a few small projections 

 or horn-like processes, covered with a dense white bloom, subglobose or 

 oblong, 4 to 7 lines long, with dry fibrous sweet flesh and 1 to 3 seeds ; seeds 

 ovate, acute, brown with a thick smooth but angled or ridged polished bony 

 shell, 3 to 5y 2 lines long ; embryo 2% lines long with 4 to 6 cotyledons. 



Dry hills or arid mountain slopes; North Coast Ranges from Mt. St. Johns 

 southwesterly to the hill country west of Scott Valley, Lake Co. (Carl Purdy) ; 

 South Coast Ranges from Mt. Diablo along the Mt. Hamilton Range to Tres 

 Pinos, San Carlos Range and Priest Valley, southward to Matilija Creek, east- 

 ward to Fort Tejon and thence northward in the Sierra Nevada to Kernville 

 and the Merced River (type loc., 1,000 feet altitude). Abundant on desert 

 slopes of Sierra Madre and San Bernardino Mts. and southward into Lower 

 California. Attributed to the "Lower Sacramento" in the Botany of the Cali- 

 fornia where it does not exist, but the reference has been copied by many 

 later authors. 



Refs. JUXIPERUS CALIFORNICA Carriere, Rev. Hort. 1854, p. 352, fig.; Palmer, Am. Nat. vol. 

 12, p. 593 (1878); Jepson, Fl. W. Mid. Cal. p. 25 (1901). 



3. J. utahensis Lemmon. DESERT JUNIPER. Small or stunted shrub 3 to 

 15 (or 20) feet high; very similar to the preceding, but distinguishable by its 

 more slender branches, its usually glandless leaves which are acute and 

 sometimes in whorls of 2, and its usually globose 1-seeded berries; berries 



