40 PINACEAE 



a cluster, at length cylindric and 1 inch long ; ovulate catkins in whorls of 3 to 

 5; cones ovate, or when open, broadly ovoid, 10 to 13 inches long and 5 to iy 2 

 inches thick, when falling breaking through near the base ; scales at tip rather 

 abruptly passing into prominent tusk-like points or spurs which towards the 

 base of the cone on the outer side are developed into curving talon-like appen- 

 dages ; seeds pinkish or yellowish, 6 to 8 lines long, the wing % to 1*4 inches 

 long; cotyledons 10 to 14. 



Dry slopes and ridges: San Jacinto and San Bernardino mts. of Southern 

 California (from 3,000 to 6,000 feet, where it attains its best development), 

 southward into northern Lower California, northward to the Santa Lucia, San 

 Carlos, Gabilan and Mt. Hamilton ranges. In the latter range it favors almost 

 exclusively the eastern slope (3,000 to 4,000 feet) and grows most luxuriously 

 on Mt. Day (W. H. Wright). The most northerly locality is Mitchell Rock, 

 Mt. Diablo, near the village of Clayton, 800 feet altitude. The Mt. Diablo trees 

 were described as Var. diabloensis by Lemmon (Sierra Club Bull. vol. 4, p. 

 130, 1902). 



Refs. PINUS COULTERI Don, Trans. Linn. Soc. vol. 17, p. 440 (1837), type loc. Santa Lucia 

 Mts. near Twin Peaks, Coulter; Leiberg, 20th Eep. U. S. Geol. Sur. pt. 5 (For. Bes.), pp. 

 422, 443 (1900). P. sabiniana Parry, Bot. Mex. Bound, p. 210, t. 57 (1859) not of Dougl. 



11. P. sabiniana Dougl. DIGGER PINE. Singular pine 40 to 70 or occasion- 

 ally 90 feet high, with open crown and thin gray foliage; trunk 1 to 4 feet in 

 diameter, frequently slanting, in typical trees branching at 5 to 15 feet from the 

 ground into a cluster of slender erect branches which form a broom-like top ; 

 needles in 3s, in drooping clusters, 7 to 13% inches long; staminate catkins at 

 length cylindric, 8 to 11 lines long, 8 to 21 in a spike-like cluster; ovulate cat- 

 kins 6 lines long, 1, 2 or 3 in a whorl (or occasionally 2 distinct whorls on a 

 season's shoot), borne on erect stalks 2 to 2 1 / inches long; one-year-old cones 

 ovoid-globose, about 2 inches long, on recurved stalks, with the basal scales more 

 or less free and recurved-spreading or deflexed; mature cones ovate, subglobose 

 when open, 6 to 10 inches long, 5 to 7 inches broad, only slightly unsymmetrical, 

 persistent on the tree 1 to 7 years, when falling breaking through near the 

 base leaving the basal portion on the limb ("broken-cone" type) ; tips of the 

 scales gradually passing into strong triangular spurs; spurs straight or curved, 

 or even hooked, especially on lower part of cone, about 1 inch long ; seeds oblong 

 in outline, slightly flattened, slightly ridged towards the micropyle, % to 1 inch 

 long, 4 or 5 lines wide, bearing an oblique wing 3 to 5 lines long and */ inch 

 broad; shell hard, covered with a thin black coat which is eventually more or 

 less deciduous; cotyledons 11 to 17. 



Mountain slopes, hills and gravelly valleys : Sierra Nevada foothills, always as 

 scattered trees or in very open stands, associated with the Blue Oak and Interior 

 Live Oak between 500 and 1,400 feet, growing alone on the slopes or over 

 chaparral areas between 1,400 and 3,000 feet; Coast Ranges (especially inner 

 ranges such as Vaca, Napa, Diablo, Hamilton and San Carlos) from South 

 Fork Salmon River (northernmost locality) and the Sacramento River Canon 

 south to Sierra Liebre (southernmost locality). Does not occur on the seaward 

 North Coast Range (Redwood Belt) or only sparingly on eastern slope from 

 Dry Creek to Cloverdale. Found on the east slope of the Santa Lucia Mts., 

 local on west slope ; also on east slope of the Santa Cruz Mts. about Saratoga. 

 Occasionally as high as 5,000 feet (Santa Ynez Range, Kern River Valley) 

 and as low as 175 feet (Napa Valley). Also called Gray Pine, Blue Pine and 



